水处理沉淀工艺强化及水量变化适应性研究

硕士学位论文水处理沉淀工艺强化及水量变化适应性研究STUDYONENHANCEDSEDIMENTATIONINWATERTREATMENTPROCESSANDADAPTABILITYOFFLOWCHANGE江夏哈尔滨工业大学2013年7月国内图书分类号：TU991.2学校代码：10213国际图书分类号：628.1密级：公开工学硕士学位论文水处理沉淀工艺强化及水量变化适应性研究硕士研究生：江夏导师：南军教授申请学位：工学硕士学科：市政工程所在单位：市政环境工程学院答辩日期：2013年7月授予学位单位：哈尔滨工业大学ClassifiedIndex:TU991.2U.D.C:628.1DissertationfortheMasterDegreeinEngineeringSTUDYONENHANCEDSEDIMENTATIONINWATERTREATMENTPROCESSANDADAPTABILITYOFFLOWCHANGECandidate：JiangXiaSupervisor：Prof.NanJunAcademicDegreeAppliedfor：MasterofEngineeringSpeciality：MunicipalEngineeringAffiliation：SchoolofMunicipal&EnvironmentalEngineeringDateofDefence：July,2013Degree-Conferring-Institution：HarbinInstituteofTechnology哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文I摘要沉淀是古老的颗粒分离单元，建立在理想沉淀池和浅池理论上的沉淀池设计也局限了其发展。现有的混凝沉淀实验大都为静态实验，往往是通过静沉得到沉后水，忽略了颗粒在沉淀池的演变行为，在各种工况下的沉淀池内水质会呈现不一样的特征，基于分形理论和统计规律对其进行分析，能对沉淀池设计提供指导。水量稳定性是沉淀池运行的重要条件，运用在线监测技术对出水水质进行监控，能预测沉淀池的运行工况。本文基于混凝沉淀连续流实验，研究在动态实验条件下，沉淀池内颗粒的演变行为，通过颗粒计数仪，在线浊度仪检测沉淀池各区的颗粒及浊度变化，颗粒形态原位识别技术检测沉后水絮体，探讨斜板沉淀池各区水质特点。针对斜板沉淀池出水小颗粒较多的特点，设计折板沉淀池，同时探讨二者对于水量变化的适应性。实验结果表明，低浊和高浊进水条件时，斜板沉淀池各区的水质呈现不一样的特征，颗粒分布上，低浊时各区的集中化程度要较常浊时高。粒度分形维数与浊度相关性较差，而特定区域内颗粒数与浊度具有较好的线性关系。对沉后水颗粒进行分析，发现其有圆形和长条两种特征形态颗粒。对两池进行水量变化实验，发现斜板沉淀池对低浊和常浊时水量变化均有较好的抗冲击能力，而折板沉淀池适合在较高浊度下运行，低浊时对水量变化适应性较差。水量变化时，对两池各区的颗粒分布影响不同，斜板沉淀池随水量增加粒度分形维数升高较平稳，而折板沉淀池各区变化较大。两池的各区颗粒分布特征不同，斜板沉淀池颗粒集中化在配水区，而折板沉淀池则在配水区和折板区之间。对比沉后水水质，折板沉淀池出水浊度和颗粒虽要略高，但小颗粒数要少，体现其去除小颗粒特征，对滤后水小颗粒数能有效减少。折板沉淀池的各区粒度分形数维均较斜板沉淀池大，具有较多的大颗粒。关键词：沉淀；粒度分形维数；折板沉淀池；水量冲击哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文IIAbstractSedimentationisanancientparticleseparationunit.Thedesignbasedonidealsedimentationtheoryandshallowtanktheoryhasalsolimiteditsdevelopment.Existingcoagulationsedimentationexperimentsaremostlystaticexperiments,Flocisoftenobtainedthroughstaticsettledwater,ignoringtheevolutionofflocsinthesedimentationundervariousconditionsofsedimentation.waterqualitywillshowdifferentcharacteristics.Analyzingitbasedonfractaltheoryandthestatisticallawcanprovideguidancetothedesignofsedimentationtank.Stabilitywhenflowchangesisessentialfortherunningofsedimentationtank,applicationofonlinemonitoringtechnologytomonitorthewaterqualitycanpredictoperatingconditionsofsedimentation.Basedoncoagulationandsedimentationcontinuous-flowexperiment,thisarticleistostudytheevolutionofparticlesinsedimentationunitindynamicconditions.Weusetheparticlecounter,onlineturbiditymetertodetectparticlenumbersandturbidityineacharea,flocrecognitiontechniquetodetectparticlesinsettledwaterAstheparticlesinsinkingwateraremostsmallparticles,tosolvethiswedesignfoldedplatesedimentationtank,andwealsostudytheiradaptabilitywhenflowchanges.Experimentresultsshowthatatlowturbidityandhighturbidity,waterineachareaofinclinedplatesedimentationshowdifferentcharacteristics,aboutparticlesizedistribution,lowturbidityzoneisathighercentralizationthanhighturbidityzone.Fractaldimensionofgranularityislessassociatedwithturbidity,whileparticlenumbersandturbidityinaparticularregionhasagoodlinearrelationship.Ananalysisofaggregatesinwaterafterthesinkingfoundthattherearetwotypicalcharacteristicsofaggregates:circularandstrip.Flowchangeexperimentontwotankshows,inclinedplatesedimentationtankisadaptedtoflowchangebothinlowandnormalturbidity.Whilefoldedplatesedimentationtankismoreadaptedtonormalturbidity,becauseitrunsbadinlowturbiditywhenflowchanges.Theparticlesizedistributionhasdifferentcharacteristicsineacharea,thecentralizationofparticlesisindistributeareaofinclinedplatesedimentationtank,whilethecentralizationofparticlesisbetweendistributeareaandfoldedplateareainfoldedplatesedimentationtankAstothecharacteristicsofsinkingwater,theturbidityandparticlenumbersarebothhigher,butlesssmallparticles,itwill哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文IIIdecreasethesmallparticlesafterfiltrationprocess.Foldedplatesedimentationineachareahaslargerparticlesizefractaldimensionandmorelargeparticles.Keywords:sedimentationtank,fractaldimension,foldedplatesedimentationtank,flowchange哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文IV目录摘要...............................................................................................................................IAbstract............................................................................................................................II第1章绪论................................................................................................................11.1课题背景................................................................................................................11.2絮凝形态学研究现状............................................................................................21.2.1絮凝形态学.....................................................................................................21.2.2分形理论及在絮体研究中的应用.................................................................21.2.3絮体粒度分布.................................................................................................31.3沉淀理论及发展研究现状....................................................................................31.3.1理想沉淀池及浅池理论.................................................................................31.3.2沉淀池设计及改进...........................