硅藻精土混凝-特种菌降解联合工艺处理采油污水应用研究

国内图书分类号：X703.1国际图书分类号：628.16.08工程硕士学位论文硅藻精土混凝-特种菌降解联合工艺处理采油污水应用研究硕士研究生：缪怡祥导师：金文标副教授副导师：张立奎教授申请学位：工程硕士学科、专业：环境工程所在单位：深圳市环境监察支队答辩日期：2008年06月授予学位单位：哈尔滨工业大学ClassifiedIndex:X703.1U.D.C:628.16.08DissertationfortheMasterDegreeofEngineering(EngineeringMaster)APPLICATIONALSTUDYONTHETREATMENTOFOILYWASTEWATERBYCOMBINEDPROCESSOFREFINEDDIATOMITECOAGULATIONANDSPECIFICBACTERIUMCandidate：MiaoYixiangSupervisor：AssociateProf.JinWenbiaoAssociateSupervisor:Prof.ZhangLikuiAcademicDegreeAppliedfor：MasterofEngineeringSpecialty：EnvironmentalEngineeringAffiliation：ShenzhencityenvironmentalmonitoringunitDateofDefence：June,2008Degree-Conferring-Institution：HarbinInstituteofTechnology哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文摘要随着我国石油产量的逐年增加，采油污水的排放量日益增大，对环境的危害也日趋严重。采油污水中成份复杂，且不同油区含油污水的成分也有很大差别。采油污水处理目标是既要去除水中的大量油类，同时兼顾去除水中溶解性有机物，悬浮物、皂类、酸碱、硫化物、氨氮等，处理难度大，往往需要多种方法组合使用，如分离、气浮法、化学法、生化法、膜法、氧化法、吸附法等。采出水的排放达标问题已经成为困扰油田发展的一大难题。本文以胜利油田孤岛采油厂孤五联合站采油污水为研究对象，首先考察了在特定的工况下气浮法对含聚采油污水污染物的去除效果，并进行特种菌驯化筛选，以及现场动态试验，其后又对硅藻精土混凝工艺处理采油污水进行技术及经济分析，确定了昀佳处理工艺。取得了以下的研究成果：考察了气浮工艺对采油污水中污染物去除效果，试验表明气浮对石油类的去除率平均达到91.03%，同时对SS、CODCr、BOD5等也有显著效果，但是对TN、TP、NH4+-N等的去除效果不是很明显。考察了PAC、PFS及硅藻精土等混凝剂对采油废水的处理效果，硅藻精土处理后水透光率高达88.9%，远远高于其他混凝剂，同时综合考虑其它各种因素，继而确定硅藻精土为采油污水处理剂。考察了硅藻精土处理剂对采油污水的处理效果，确定混凝昀佳条件为：混凝剂的投量依据原水情况来确定，平均为150mg/L；高速搅拌速度为200r/min，高速搅拌时间为1min，低速搅拌速度为100r/min，低速搅拌时间为3min，试验沉淀时间为30min。研究了pH值、温度、盐度等因素对硅藻精土混凝处理效果的影响。试验表明硅藻精土处理剂的应用范围很广，在一定范围内pH值及温度等因素对其影响不大。筛选获得6株特种菌，可有效降解采油污水中的难降解有机物，有效去除CODCr，混合菌种协同作用去除率达到60%以上。现场试验表明，含聚采油污水经硅藻精土混凝-特种菌生化工艺处理后，可以达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(GB18918-2002)》一级B标准。-I-哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文关键词采油污水；硅藻精土；特种菌-II-哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文AbstractAstheoilproductionincreasing，oilywastewatergreatlyincreasedthatcausedagreaterenvironmentalproblem.Oilwastewatercontainsmanykindsofpollutantssuchasoil,SS,nutritionandsoon,whichcannotberemovedeasilyusingsingletreatmentprocess.Usuallywecombinetwoorevenmoretechnicstotreattheoilwastewater.Thereisstillnoaneconomicandenvironmentalmethodtotreatiteffectivelythatcansatisfyoutletstandard.Sothishasbeenagreatlimitfactorinoilproduction.Manystudiesarestillgoingonthisfield,butfloating-coagulationtechnictotreatoilywastewaterisrarelyused.Inthethesis,usingoilywastewaterfromGuDaooilextractionplantinShengLioilfieldasstudyobject,firstlyinvestigatefloatingtotreatoilywatewater,andthendoexperimentationusingrefineddiatomiteascoagulanttotreatthewastewaterafterbeingtreatedbyfloatingsystem.Theinfluenceextentofmedicamentvariety,addingquantity,pH,temperature,speedandtimeofagitationincoauglationareinvestigatedandsoon.Totallyspeaking,thethesisincludesthefollowingaspects:Throughinvestigationofexperiment，thefloatingsystemiseffectivelytoremoveoilpolymer,theremovalefficiencycanreach91.03%averagely,andalsocangreatlyremoveSS,CODCr,BOD5,butnotsoevidenceinremovingTN,TPandNH4+-N.Throughcoagulationtests,refineddiatomiteisconsideredasthebestcoagulantcomparewithPAC,PFS,andrefineddiatomite.Inthesameexperimentconditions,thelightpermeationofthewastewatertreatedbyrefineddiatomitecanachieve88.9%whichismuchmorehigherthantheothercoagulants.Thebestconditionforrefineddiatomitecoagulantisdetermined.Theaddingquantitydependsonthequalityofrawwater,andaverageis150mg/L,When1minquickagitationwithaspeedof200rperminute,andthen3minslowagitationwithaspeedof100rperminute,thensettlefor30min.TheeffectandinfluenceofseveralprocessparameterssuchaspH,temperature,salinity,asbeeninvestigated.Accordingtotheseriesofexperiments,refined-III-哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文diatomitecoagulantcanbeusedwidelyfortheusualinfluenceparametershavelittleeffectonthecoagulant,sotheefficiencyofremovalissteady.Accesstosixspecialafterscreening,whichcanbeeffectivetodegraderefractoryorganicmatterinwastewater,effectivelyremovingCODCr.Andmixed-speciessynergiescangetaremovalrateofover60percent.Fieldtestsshowedthatoil-containingsewagebydiatomitecoagulation,thespecialhandlingofbiologicalandchemicaltechnology,toachievefirstlevelBstandardsofurbansewagetreatmentplantpollutantdischargestandards(GB18918-2002).Keywords:Oilywastewater,Refineddiatomite,Bacteria-IV-哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文目录摘要...............................................................................................................................IAbstract......................................................................................................................III第1章绪论................................................................................................................11.1课题背景和意义................................................................................................11.1.1采油污水主要来源...................................................................................11.1.2采油污水的危害.......................................................................................41.2国内采油污水处理技术概述............................................................................51.2.1除油...........................................................................................................51.2.2混凝法.......................................................................................................61.2.3电解法.............