重庆大学硕士学位论文车身覆盖件冲压成形仿真及工艺优化姓名:李泽申请学位级别:硕士专业:材料加工工程指导教师:周杰;谢全清2010-04重庆大学硕士学位论文中文摘要I摘要汽车覆盖件是汽车车身的主要零件,覆盖件冲压工艺水平与产品质量的高低在汽车制造中具有举足轻重的地位。众所周知,汽车的大部分覆盖件和结构件都是薄板冲压件。对于汽车工艺来说,竞争的核心将是新产品的竞争,如何实现高质量,低成本,短周期的新车型开发,正是赢得这场竞争的关键。此时单靠传统的经验设计已难以适应新的形势,采用以CAE为中心的车身CAD/CAE/CAM一体化技术已经成为汽车界所关注的热点,其中板料成形模拟分析技术尤为关键。板料成形模拟分析技术对提高汽车产品的设计水平,制造质量和效率起着举足轻重的作用,也是提升我国汽车市场竞争力的必由之路。冲压成形的模拟分析是利用数值模拟技术分析给定模具的工艺方案的板料变形的全过程,从而判断模具和工艺方案的合理性。每次仿真就相当于一次试模过程。因此成熟的仿真技术不仅可以减少试模次数,在一定条件下还可以使模具和工艺设计一次合格从而避免修模。这就可大大缩短新产品开发周期,降低开发成本,提高产品品质和市场竞争力。过去冲压模具的设计主要依据工程师长期积累的经验。对于复杂的成形工艺和模具,设计质量难以得到保证;一些关键性的设计参数要在模具制造出来之后,通过反复的调试、修改才能确定。这样就浪费了大量的人力、物力和时间。随着有限元技术和计算机技术的发展,板料冲压成形的数值模拟已经逐渐成为工艺分析及优化设计的有效工具。近来随着计算机应用技术和板料塑性成形理论的发展,国际上对板料成形数值模拟技术的研发也取得了突破性进展,陆续推出了一系列适用于车身覆盖件成形模拟分析的商业化软件,有的已达到了工业化应用阶段。其中eta/DYNAFORM软件是典型的用于板料成形模拟的软件。该软件具有较强的功能和良好的易用性,能够方便地求解各类板料成形问题。专门用于板料成形工艺及模具设计所涉及的板料复杂成形问题的模拟分析,不仅能方便的求解各类板料成形问题,还可以预测成形过程中的破裂、起皱、减薄及回弹等缺陷,评估板料的成形性,从而能为车身覆盖件成形工艺及模具设计提供帮助,收到显著减少工艺设计与模具开发设计时间及试模周期的效果。因此eta/DYNAFORM软件已在国际和国内许多大型汽车企业中被广泛应用。基于DYNAFORM的特殊功能,本文结合国内目前轿车内覆盖件冲压成形于模具设计中存在的质量问题,选定L42F轿车的车门里板作为研究对象,采用DYNAFORM软件对该零件的拉深成形工艺进行了模拟分析。通过对该零件的几何建模、有限元素模、网格划分、选择合理的分析参数和材料模型等,采用动显示有限元对其拉深成形过程进行了模拟仿真。通过仿真分重庆大学硕士学位论文中文摘要II析发现该零件原冲压成形工艺存在的问题,预测了产生成形缺陷的原因,并从提高材料利用率、改善拉延成形环境的角度出发,通过参数调整和优化拉延筋、优化板料形状及改善润滑条件等,提出了不等高、不同步压边拉延的新工艺,收到了明显提高冲压成形质量和节约材料的效果。本文的研究结果,除了对改进轿车车门里板的冲压工艺与模具设计具有指导意义外,对类似覆盖件的冲压成形工艺的改进也有参考价值。关键词:车门里板,内覆盖件,成形数值模拟,工艺参数优化,改进设计重庆大学硕士学位论文英文摘要IIIABSTRACTThecarbodypanelisoneofthemostimportantpartsincarbody,thelevelofpressforcarbodypanelandthequalityofpanelareveryimportantinthecarindustry.Asweallknow,mostoftheautomotivebodypanelandstructurearemadebysheetmetalstamping.Fortheautoindustry,thecompetitioncorewillbethenewproductcompetition.Howtoachievehighquality,lowcostandshortleadtimeinthenewautotypeexploitationisthekeytowinthiscompetition.Now,onlydependingonthetraditionalexperiencedesignisnotenoughtoadjusttothenewcondition,theautobodyincorporatedtechnologywhichtakingCAEasthecenter,isbecomingthefocusoftheautoindustry.Amongofthem—thesheetmetalformingsimulationtechnologyisthemostimportant.Thesheetmetalformingsimulationtechnologyplaysanimportantroleinimprovingthelevelofautodesigning,thequalityofmanufactureandtheefficiency.It’salsotheonlywaytoimprovethecompetitionabilityofourcountry’sautomarket.Theessentialofthestampingsimulationisanalysingthewholedeformingprogressofsheetmetalinwhichthemouldandtechnicsprojectaregivenbynumericalsimulationtechnique,sowecanjudgetherationalityofthemouldandthetechnicsproject.Eachtimeofsimulationisequivalenttoonetimeofstamping.So,thematuresimulationtechniquenotonlycanreducethetimesoftry_stampingandundersomeconditionwecanhavethemouldandtechnicsdesignsatisfyourrequirementsonetimewithoutrepairingmould.Inthatcase,wecangreatlyshortentheleadtimeofthenewproduct,reducetheexplotiationcost,improvethequalityandmaketcompetitionpoweroftheproduct.Inthepastthedesigningofthemouldmainlydependonthelong-termaccumulatedexperienceoftheengineer.Forcomplicatedformingtechnicsandmould,it’shardtoensurethedesignquality;somecriticaldesignparametercanonlybeascertainedafterthemouldismanufacturedandthroughrepeatingtesting,modification.Inthiscase,wewasteplentyofmanpower,materialresourcesandtime.Alongwiththefeniteelementtheniqueandcomouterthechnologydevelopment,numericalsimulationhasgraduallybecometheeffectivetoolofthechnicsanalysingandoptimizationdesigning.Inrecentperiod,withthedevelopmentofthecomputerandthesheetmetalformingtheory,theresearchofthesheetmetalformingsimulationhasachievedagreatprogress重庆大学硕士学位论文英文摘要IVintheworld.Aseriesofcommercialsoftwareforsimulationoftheautobodypanelforminghavebeenputforward,someofthemhaveputintoindustryapplication.Theereinto,theeta/DYNAFORMisatypicalsoftwareforsheetmetalforming.Thissoftwarehasastrongfunctionandcanbeeasilybemastered,itcansolveallkindsofformingconveniently.DYNAFORMcanbeusedtoanalysethecomplicatedformingproblemofthesheetmetal.Itcannotonlysolveallkindsofsheetmetalformingproblembutalsocanforecastthewrinkle,crack,thinningproblemsandsoon.Itcanevaluatetheformingabilityofthemetalandprovidehelpfortheautobodyformingtechnicanddesigningofthemould,so,theleadtimeogthetechnicdesign,themoulddesignandthemouldtestingcanbegreatlyreduced.So,eta/DYNAFORMiswidelyusedininternationalanddomesticcompany.Basingonthespecialfunctionoftheeta/DYNAFORM,wetakethecardoorinnerpanelastheresearchsubjectandsimulateandanalyse.itsformingtechnic.Throughthegeometrymodeling,finiteelementmodeling,meshing,properchoosingoftheanalyzingparameterandthematerialmodel,weusethedynamicexplicitfiniteelementmethodtosimulatethedrawingprogress.Throughthesimulation,wefindouttheproblemintheformerformingtechnics,andgiveouttheideaofformingatdifferentheightandvarietyblank-holdingbasedontheforminganalysisofDYNAFORM,enhancetheusingofmaterialandimprovetheconditionofforming.byadjustingthepositionoftheequivalentdrawbead,bymodifyingtheblankshapeandtheirpercentageoflockingforce.Theresearchresultofthisthesis,notonlycanweusedtoguidethedesigningofthestampingtechnicandthemouldbutalsohasthereferencevaluef