库存管理系统是用来控制存储物料的数量

1摘要：库存管理系统是用来控制存储物料的数量，以保证稳定的物流支持正常的生产，但又最小限度的占用资本。它是一种相关的、动态的、及真实的库存控制系统。它能够结合、满足相关部门的需求，随时间变化动态地调整库存，精确的反映库存现状。本文介绍了成都恩威药业ERP管理软件中库存管理模块的设计理念和设计过程。关键字：ERP；MRPII;MPSAbstract:Stockmanagementsystemisusedforcontrollingthequantityofsupplies,soastoensurethatthesteadymaterialflowsupportsnormalproduction,whichtakeupthecapitalofminimumlimit.Itisakindofrelevant,dynamic,andtruestockcontrolsystem.Itcanaccordwith,meetrelevantdemandofdepartment,changeandadjustthestockwithtimedynamically,accuratereflectionstockcurrentsituation.ThistextintroducesmajesticstockcontroldesigntheoryanddesignprocessofmoduleinthemanagementsoftwareERPproducedbymedicinecompanyEnWeiofChengdu.KeyWord:ERP;MRPII;MPS2目录1.引言···························································································32.关于库存的需求··········································································52.1库存管理概述·········································································52.2库存管理功能说明···································································53．库存管理总体设计···································································103.1总体设计概述········································································103.2基础数据设置········································································113.3仓库管理··············································································133.4库存物流事务·······································································153.5盘点事务·············································································183.6帐务管理··············································································194.库存管理详细设计·····································································214.1详细设计概述········································································214.2基础数据设置········································································234.3仓库管理··············································································274.4库存信息的表达·····································································274.5物流事务·············································································304.5.1入库············································································354.5.2出库············································································354.6盘点事务·············································································404.7外部接口·············································································424.7.1与车间管理系统（SFC）接口············································424.7.2与采购管理系统（PUR）接口············································434.7.3与质检管理系统（QM）接口·············································434.8用户权限的配置·····································································445.结束语·······················································································4531.引言在中国处于计划经济时代，企业按计划生产，也按计划销售，企业亏损有国家补贴，对库存没有管理的概念。当中国从计划经济转向市场经济后，由于市场的变化，企业自负盈亏，库存的控制显得越来越重要了。库存包括哪些呢？一般认为，库存主要有三部分：原材料库存、在制品库存及成品库存。与效率、合格率等不同，库存不能说越多越好，或越低越好。因为库存是保证生产连续性的必要条件。另外，库存还可增加生产过程的柔性，不至于因为一个环节的中断而导致整个过程中断，或因为某台设备的故障而导致整个生产的停顿。而且，较大的库存量可使公司避开价格的波动，大批量采购还可获得较优惠的价格等。所以，对生产部门而言，库存量越多越好。另一方面，库存会占用大量的流动资金，并增加资金周转时间；库存还占用了大量的仓库面积或生产面积；库存还需加以管理，产生管理费用；长期存放的库存可能损坏变质；另外，许多库存还会随着时间的推移而贬值。因此，对财务部门而言，库存是越少越好。所以，在库存控制中就存在着两难的问题。简单地说，库存控制就是要在既能保证生产的连续性，又能合理使用流动资金这两者之间找到平衡。库存控制就是要给出一个策略来回答什么情况下需要对库存进行补充？什么时间补充？以及一次补充多少？库存决策有几个影响因素：一、需求：库存首先是为了满足需求。需求是连续性还是间断性直接影响库存。而需求是确定性还是随机性也决定了库存管理的难度。二、订货周期：通过订货补充因需求而减少的库存，没有补充或补充不足、不及时，当库存耗尽时，就无法满足新的需求。一般说来，从开始订货至物品入库需要时间，而这段时间的长短决定了订货的提前时间。三、库存费用：包括存储费（用于维持库存活动）、订货费（采购及运输费用）、生产费（自已制造库存的费用，如成品价值不仅是原材料的简单相加）、缺货费（因库存不足而造成的损失）等。四、库存策略：指在何种情况下对库存进行补充，常见的有几种：A.每隔固定时段补充固定的库存量；B.每隔固定时段将库存补充至固定的量；C.将库存量始终保持在一个范围内。那么，究竟如何合理地控制库存呢？在实际中，产生了一些简便实用的方法：一、ABC分类法。根据著名的80/20原则，有20%左右的库存，占用库存资金的80%，为A类物资，需实行重点管理；而有约30%的库存物资，占用库存资金的10%，为B类物4资；剩下约50%的物料，只占用10%的资金，则无需精确控制。当然，分类也不是完全根据金额，如较短缺的物料、供货周期较长的物料也应重点对待，以免因为较小金额的缺货而导致生产停顿。这样，才能在生产与控制费用之间找到平衡。二、连续观测库存控制系统，也称定量控制法或订货点法。也就是说预先设立最大库存量及最小库存量，或称订货点。即当库存降至这一数值时，则开始订货，使库存达到最大量。这就要求随时关注库存情况，当然，这并不意味着必须经常盘点，而是物料计划员必须在上次盘点的结果基础上，通过对来料、发货量的统计，计算得出现有的库存。这两种方法也可在实际生产中结合运用，IT工具的应用也能大大地提高控制的效率，简化过程。规模较小的企业通过Excel或Lotus123可实现简单的功能，而规模较大的企业，则引进全套的ERP系统。本文通过对成都恩威药业ERP系统库存管理模块的分析，讲解现代信息技术支持下库存管理方案的实施。52.关于库存的需求2.1库存管理概述库存管理是整个系统操作的基础，它通过仓库、库位、容器定义仓库的组织结构，通过库存事务定义库存的具体操作，通过对物料的可用/不可用、可分配/不可分配确定物料的状态。实施好的库存管理可以有以下好处：1.增加透明度（可见性）2.提高精确性3.加强控制库存管理的需求主要有：1．库存项目的设置2．仓库管理3．库存事务4．库存记账5．库存报表与分析报警6．库存计划2.2库存管理功能说明一．库存项目的设置库存项目的设置有以下特点：1．种类多2．更改的可能性大3．库存项目与仓库有密切的关系对于项目设置，根据《项目主文件的管理》，将在库存管理中增加项目设置组件。由该组件完成实施时的项目设置工作。实施完成后，普通用户将没有直接设置项目的权限。以后增加项目，只能上报项目管理。库存项目的扩展属性有：项目的库存编码、安全库存量、ABC类别、仓库属性、保存时限、数量限制、成本、损耗信息等。库存的扩展属性将分为：数量属性、ABC类别、编码名称、仓库属性、时间属性，成本信息。61．库存管理仓库采用分层结构，采用与部门编码类似的结构。每一层仓库都有相应的负责人。对于仓库，原则上至少分两层。由于实际操作的困难，库位不考虑定位信息。仓库设置中必须区分原料库和净料库，贵重药材和毒性药材设置专门的仓库。（GMP规范要求）引入容器概念，容器是含有有明确容积数量的库位，为最末一级库位。一个容器只能存放一个批次的项目。考虑到实施的困难和gmp规范对项目批次的要求，拟将容器分作两种情况：（1）存在固定容积的容器，如储存罐（2）逻辑上的容器，如一批物料的存放地对于（1）的情况，容器在仓库设置时设定，其存在状态与实物相联系。对于（2）的情况，容器在其存放项目入库完成时创建，随着存放项目的转移而转移，随着出库的完成而消失。这里的容器为一种逻辑上的概念。2．库存事务库存的物流事务包括