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PrefaceMaterialsscience材料科学，材料学Mechanicalproperties力学性能Smartmaterials智能材料，灵敏材料nanomaterials纳米材料nanotechnology纳米技术biomaterials生物材料composition成分，组成performance性能Microstructure,structure微观结构，组织，结构Synthesisandprocessing合成与工艺Inorganicmaterials无机材料Compositematerials复合材料Polymers聚合物，高分子Metal,metallic金属，金属的ceramic陶瓷hardness硬度brittleness脆性module模量density密度Shapememoryalloys形状记忆合金ElementalperiodtablehydrogenHRubidiumRbheliumHeYttriumYlithiumLiZirconiumZrberylliumBeNiobiumNbboronBMolybdenumMocarbonCPalladiumPdnitrogenNSilverAgoxygenOCadmiumCdfluorineFIndiumInNeonNeTinSnsodiumNaAntimonySbmagnesiumMgIodineIaluminumAlXenonXesiliconSiCesiumCsphosphorusPBariumBasulfurSTungstenWchlorineClPlatinumPtargonArGoldAupotassiumKMercuryHgcalciumCaLeadPbscandiumSclanthanumLatitaniumTiCeriumCevanadiumVchromiumCrmanganeseMnironFecobaltConickelNicopperCuzincZngalliumGagermaniumGearsenicAsseleniumSebromineBrkryptonKrChapter1CrystalstructureofmetalsCrystalstructure晶体结构Latticeconstants点阵常数Crystallinematerials晶体材料Latticevectors点阵适量Noncrystallinematerials非晶材料crystal晶体Amorphousmaterials非晶材料Bravaislattice布拉非点阵Corrosionresistance耐腐蚀Crystalsystem晶系electron电子Alpha,beta,gammaα,β,γatom原子cubic立方nucleus原子核tetragonal四方electronegativity电负性orthorhombic正交electronpositivity电正性hexagonal六方equilibrium平衡Rhombonhedral/trigonal菱面体repulsion排斥Monoclinic单斜attraction吸引Triclinic三斜potential势能Simplecubic简单立方Ionicbonding离子键Bodycenteredcubic体心立方Covalentbonding共价键Unitcell晶胞Metallicbonding金属键Latticeparameters点阵矢量molecule分子Facecenteredcubic面心立方semiconductor半导体Coordinationnumber配位原子数Singlecrystal单晶Hexagonalpacking六方堆垛Anisotropic各向异性Allotropictransformation同素异位转变isotopic各向同性Millerindices密勒指数Polycrystalline多晶crystallographic晶体学的Imperfection缺陷Crystallographicdirection晶向Pointdefect点缺陷Crystallographicplane晶面Linedefect线缺陷projection投影planardefect,surfacedefect面缺陷Planarmillerindex/indices面指数dislocation位错Diagonal对角的vacancy空位Perpendicular垂直的interstitial间隙的Familyofdirections晶向族substitutional替换的，置换的Familyofplanes晶面族Grainboundary晶界Latticepoint阵点Stackingfaults堆垛层错metallography金相学Anti-phase反相Toughness韧性Twinboundary孪晶界Stiffness刚性Edgedislocation刃位错ductility延展性，可锻性Screwdislocation螺位错strengthen强度Mixeddislocation混合位错Compact压制sintering烧结Edge棱边translation平移Packingfactor堆垛密度C2SolidificationofmetalsSolidify,solidification凝固nuclei核，核心Freeenergy自有能Kineticenergy动能bronze青铜Brass黄铜Surfacefreeenergy表面自由能nucleation形核Critical临界的undercooling过冷Homogeneousnucleation均匀形核Heterogeneousnucleation非均匀形核impurity杂质Interface界面diffusion扩散Latentheat潜热Cooling冷却growth生长Dendriticgrowth(树)枝晶生长Cast,casting铸造，铸件Chillzone激冷区Columnzone柱状区Equiaxedzone等轴区shrinkage收缩Gasporosity气孔Interdendriticshrinkage枝晶间收缩Favorableorientation择优取向Finegrain细晶Galvanizedsheetsteel（电）镀锌钢板Preferredgrowth择优生长Planargrowth平面生长supercooling过冷superheating过热Embryo晶胚Chapter3PlasticdeformationandrecrystallizePlasticdeformation塑性变形Recrystallize,recrystallization再结晶load载荷strain应变stress应力Elasticdeformation弹性变形Tensileproperties拉伸性能Yielding,yieldingpoint屈服，屈服点Lowcarbonsteel低碳钢Shear剪切torsion扭折Parallelto平行于Slip,slipplane,slipsystem,slipdirection滑移，滑移面，滑移系，滑移方向Thecloset-packeddirection/plane密排方向/面twinning孪晶Slipline,slipband滑移线Polycrystallinematerials多晶材料Singlecrystal单晶coherency共格Grainorientation晶粒取向Dislocationmovement/motion位错移动Coldworking冷加工Warmworking中温加工Hotworking热加工recovery回复Graingrowth晶粒长大hardness硬度indentation压痕indenter压头Sphere,cone,pyramid球形，圆锥形，四棱锥nondestructive非破坏性的Brinellhardness布氏硬度Vickersmicrohardness维氏显微硬度Rockwellhardness洛氏硬度Knoophardness努氏硬度forging锻造Open-die,closed-dieforging开口模，闭合模extrusion挤出Chapter4PhasediagramandmicrostructurePhasediagram相图precipitation析出microstructure微观结构,z组织Lamellargrowth层状生长Solid-solutionstrengthening固溶强化photomicrograph显微照片Dispersionstrengthening弥散强化Microconstituent显微组织成分Brass黄铜Hypoeutectic亚共晶Equilibriumphasediagram平衡相图Hypereutectic过共晶constitution成分Peritectictransformation包晶转变component组元Ternaryphasediagram三元相图Solventatom溶剂原子Soluteatom溶质原子concentration浓度Solidsolution固溶Binaryalloy二元合金isomorphous同形的，同质的Molepercent摩尔百分比solubility溶解度，固溶度Liquidustemperature,line液相温度，液相线Solidustemperature,line固相温度，固相线Isothermline等温线Solvusline溶解度曲线Phaserule相律freedom自由度Leverrule杠杆定律Eutectic共晶的eutectoid共析的Immiscible,unmixable互不溶的Tieline两平衡相成分点间连线Equilibriumsolidification平衡凝固Nonequilibriumsolidification非平衡凝固Intermetalliccompound中间金属化合物Stoichiometric化学计量比的nonstoichiometric非化学计量比的Orderedcrystalstructure有序晶体结构Chapter5Iron-Carbonalloysystemcomponent组元steel钢solvent溶剂solute溶质solubility溶解度Dissolved溶解于，溶于Soluble可溶解的Proportion比例Flake片状transformation相变，转变Ferrite铁素体Interstitialsolidsolution间隙固溶体carbide碳化物Polymorphictransformation多型性转变Austenite奥氏体magnetic磁性的Cementite,ironcarbide渗碳体orthorhombic正交的Metastablephase亚稳相decompose分解substitution替换，置换Pearlite珠光体Eutectoid共析的Eutectic共晶的Hypoeutectoidsteel亚共析钢Eutectoidsteel共析钢Hypereutectoidsteel过共析钢Proeutectoid先共析体Layeredstructure层状组织Plaincarbonsteel碳素钢Wroughtiron,pureiron纯铁Carboncontent碳含量Castiron铸铁Lowcarbonsteel低碳钢Mediumcarbonsteel中碳钢Highcarbonsteel高碳钢Ferrousalloys铁基合金Stainlesssteel不锈钢Chapter6HeattreatmentHeattreatment热处理Annealing退火Baini