基于用户心智模型的手持移动设备界面设计

42520085()JournalofZhejiangUniversity(EngineeringScience)Vol.42No.5May2008:2007205213.()::(1974-),,,,.E2mail:[e-mail]:10.3785/j.issn.10082973X.2008.05.015,,(,310027):,.16,222.,22;,,.,,.:;;;;:TB18;TB47:A:10082973X(2008)0520800205Interfacedesignofhand2holdingmobiledevicesbasedonusersmentalmodelsYANGYing,LEITian,ZHANGYan2he(DepartmentofIndustrialDesign,ZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou310027,China)Abstract:Byvisualizinginnerrepresentationsofusermodels,acognitiveergonomicexperimentwascar2riedouttostudytherelationshipbetweenmentalmodelsandoperationperformance.Sixteentypicalsub2jectsandtwosetsofmobilephoneinterfacesaccordingtothelattice2latticementalmodel(L2LMM)andthelattice2columnmentalmodel(L2CMM)wereinvolved.TheexperimentalresultsshowthattheL2LMMwithagoodspatialaffordancehashigherinteractionperformancethantheL2CMMwhichhasabadspatialaffordance,andalthoughatasksattributeshavestrongeffectonmentalmodels,aninteractionsystemwithastrongspatialaffordanceisbetterininteractionperformancethanthatwithaweakspatialaffordance.Itmanifeststhatamentalmodelsspatialaffordanceisanimportantdeterminantofinterfaceusability.Basedonthese,aninteractivedesignmethodintermsofusersmentalmodelswasproposedandconfirmedbydesigningasetofmobilephonesinterface.Keywords:mentalmodel;spatialaffordance;interaction;interface;usability(human2computerinteraction,HCI),.,[1].,,.,,[2].2,.15cm10cm,,.[3],,,.,,,.[4].,,;,.,,,,.11.1,/[527].,.,,[8],,Vosniadou[9].,/,,,[6].,.Norman[10],3,,.Sasse[8].Nielsen[11]6,,6.,,,..,[12214].,[15].,.,Preece[16]7:.,,:.,.,.,Wickens[17].1.2,,,.,.,,..(),.[3].,,,:,,()..1,..1.3,.4:TASE.1085,:1(L2LMM)Fig.1Asimplifiedmentalmodel(L2LMM),,.Tjj,Tmax,j,Tmin,j,N,jTs,j=Tj-Tmin,jTmax,j-Tmin,j.Yt=Nj=1Tj-Tmin,jTmax,j-Tmin,j..Ajkjk,Amax,jk,Amin,jk,M,jkAs,jk=Ajk-Amin,jkAmax,jk-Amin,jk.Ya=Nj=1Mk=1Ajk-Amin,jkAmax,jk-Amin,jk.ŠSjj,Smax,j,Smin,j,N,/Ys=Nj=1ŠSj-Smin,jSmax,j-Smin,j.ŠEjljl,Emax,jl,Emin,jl,O,/Ye=Nj=1Ol=1ŠEjl-Emin,jlEmax,jl-Emin,jl./Y=Yt+Ya+Ys+Ye.:.2,.:,;,,().2.13.3.2:1,(MP),2,(WM).2:12(lattice2columnmentalmodel,L2CMM),2WM;22(lattice2latticementalmodel,L2LMM),1WM.,WML2CMM2:L2CMM1(213)L2CMM2(239).,WML2LMM2:L2LMM1(113)L2LMM2(139).,,,L2CMM1L2LMM1..22Fig.2Typicallattice2columnmentalmodel,:.,/.,2.208()422.2:3WindowsXP,9,8.,3.:1a,16(,95%,18%,),10,6,2025.:,2,.L2CMM1L2LMM1.3.3Fig.3Experimentalprocess33.12,4,C.2MPWM:L2LMM1L2CMM1,.MP,L2LMM120002999msL2CMM1,L2LMM140004999ms50005999msL2CMM1.WM,.,,1,M,D.1L2CMM1L2LMM1MPWM.2,.L2LMM1L2CMM1.4Fig.4Stackbarofreactiontime12Tab.1ReactiontimeoftwomentalmodelsindifferenttasksM/msD/msMPWML2LMM13302.85541362.7602L2CMM13502.44401454.83473403.04341412.5680L2LMM12856.2441804.9496L2CMM13023.6331815.72852939.8562814.2689,,.,.,,2,P,E,FF,G.,MP,10084857.4794176464.966,.Fp:p0.0240.050,0.05,p0.14720.050,0.05.WM.,,.,/,.3085,:2Tab.2MaineffectsofmentalmodelandgenderonreactiontimePEFG14274630.9557137315.4773.5950.02810908530851.34510908530851.3455494.9910.00010084857.47910084857.4795.0800.0244176464.9664176464.9662.1040.14720070141031985177.15413764122926.0002021288734.091:,..3.2,.,;,.,.124:MP10009999ms,WM10005999ms;MP3403.0434ms,WM2939.8562ms.,.WMMP(),2L2LMM1L2CMM1.45,.1,L2LMM.L2LMM1,,,.,OK,2.,.,4+4,.,3,,2,.2,5Fig.5Interfacedesignofmobilephonebasedonspatialaffor2dance.,.,7.,,,,,,.5,,.,.,,;,,.,.,,,.(References):[1].[J].,2004,116(11):2214.DONGShi2hai.Progressandchallengeofhuman2com2puterinteraction[J].JournalofComputer2AidedDesignandComputerGraphics,2004,116(11):2214.[2],,SALVENDYG.[M].:,2003.(844)408()42,,,,,;3),,;4),,,,,,,,;5),,Rhinoceros,,,,,,;6)(enterpriseapplicationintegra2tion,EAI),(enterprisere2sourceplanning,ERP),.:1);2),,;3),;4),.20063,,.,.(804)[3]NIELSENJ.[M].,.:,2004.[4]DAVIDSONMJ,DOVEL,WELTZJ.Mentalmodelsandusability[R].Chicago:DepaulUniversity,1999.[5]CRAIKK.Thenatureofexplanation[M].Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,1943.[6]JOHNSON2LAIRDPN.Mentalmodels:towardsacog2nitivescienceoflanguage,inferenceandconsciousness[M].Cambridge:HarvardUniversityPress,1983.[7]SIFAQUIC.Structuringuserinterfaceswithameta2modelofmentalmodels[J].ComputersandGraphics,1999,23(3):3232330.[8]SASSEMA.Elicitinganddescribingusersmodelsofcomputersystems[D].Birmingham:UniversityofBir2mingham,1997.[9]VOSNIADOUS,BREWERWF.Mentalmodelsoftheday/nightcycle[J].CognitiveScience,1994,18:1232183.[10]NORMANDA.Someobservationsonmentalmodels[M]GENTNERDA,STEVENSAL.MentalMod2els.Hillsdale:Erlbaum,1983:7214.[11]NIELSENJA.Meta2modelforinteractingwithcom2puters[J].InteractingwithComputers,1990,2(2):1472160.[12]VICENTEKJ,HAYESBC,WILLIGESRC.Assa2yingandisolatingindividualdifferencesinsearchingahierarchicalfilesystem[J].HumanFactors,1987,29(3):3492359.[13]BAYS,ZIEFLEM.Designforall:usercharacteris2ticstobeconsideredforthedesignofdeviceswithhier2archicalmenustructures[M]LUCZAKH,ZINKKJ.HumanFactorsinOrganizationalDesignandManage2ment.SantaMonica:IEAPress,2003:5032508.[14]ZAPHIRISP.Agedifferencesandthedepth2breadthtradeoffinhierarchicalonlineinformationsystems[M]STEPHANIDISC.UniversalAccessinHCI:To2wardsanInformationSocietyforAll.Ma