机械性损伤英文版

MechanicalInjuryWangDaihongAssociateChiefPhysicianMedicalDoctorHUSTTongjihospitalofxianningHepatopancreatobiliarySurgeryDepartmentofTheeco-circumstancescenterhospitalFirst:conception1.Injury:injuryorwoundcausedbyeffectfactorsinthebody,whichleadtothedestructionoftheorganizationalstructureanddysfunction.2.Mechanicalinjury：effectfactorsactonhumanbodybymachanicalmovementandleadtothedestructionoftheorganizationalstructureanddysfunction.Second:Mechanicaldamageofforensicmedicineidentification1.TasksandobjectoflivingdamageforensicidentificationTask：①Injuryseverity;②Injuryways；③Tojudgetheinjuringobjects；④Tojudgetheinjuringtime；⑤Injurydegree；⑥Laborcapacity；⑦Oldinjuringandnewinjuring；⑧Compensation;Object：livingbody2.Tasksandobjectofdeadbody'sdamageforensicidentificationTasks：①Todeterminethecauseofdeath；②Todetermineit'santemorteminjuryorpostmorteminjury；③Tojudgetheinjuringobjects；④Injuringtime；⑤personalidentificationandsoon;Object：deadbodyThird:thethreeelementsofdamageformation：1.injuringobjects（murderweapon）:anobjectwhichcausedmechanicaldamage.Features：variousinjuringobjects（solid；liquid；gas）Theextentofthedamagedependsonthequality,shapeandsizeofthings,butinsomecasesthereisanexception.Therelativemotionformsbetweenhunamnbodyandinjuringobjects：Movingobjectandrelativestaticbody.Humanmovementandrelativelystationaryobject.Movingobjectandmovinghuman.Thecommonhardinjuringobjectsincludeblunt,sharpsandfirearms.Blunt:toolswithnotipsandedge,suchasfistsandfeet...Sharps:toolswithtipsandedge,suchascuttingmachineandsting...Firearms:bullet,explosivesandothertools.2.Actingforce：CompressionandStretch:actingforceapplyonthesameaxis,insamedireaction,calledcompression,whileinoppositedireactioncalledstretch.Shear:tomakethecrosssectionsslidingtogether.torsion：apairofequalforceapplyforacertainobject.Bending:actingforceapplyforskullorribsfotsagandrecovery.3.humantissue：Differenttissuesofhumanbodypartsanddifferenttissuesandorgansoftheanatomyoftheorganizationstructure,sothedamagetoleranceandresistanceisdifferent.Differentappearancesatdifferentpositionsofthebodyshapealsoaffectstheshapeofdamage.Injuredareaorgansortissuesforpathologicalchangesimpactonthedegreeofinjury.Theprincipleofmechanicaldamage1、Physicalfactors:externalforcesandinjuringobjects(size,direactionandnumber)2、Biologicalfactors:thebodyflexibilityandthespecialstructureofhumanbody.3、Humanbody'senginerystate(health,diseasestate)4、ThecontactforcepositionFourth:thebasicformofmechanicalinjury（6forms）1.Abrasion:injuringobjectsapplytohumanbodyandleadtoseparationbetweenskinanddermis,it'salsocalledepidermalpeeling,whichisacommonbluntinjury.①features：Parts:canoccurinanypartofthebody,highlightareasaremostly.Scratchcanexistaloneandoftenaccompaniedwithotherinjuries,suchasbitemarks,scratches,theconjugatemark,whichcanbeassociatedwithbruiseorcontusion.Differentsizes,shapesandstrips,sheetsorstrip,sometimeshavefreeflap.thesearetheevidenttojudgethedirectionoftheviolentaction.Colorcanbelightbrown,darkbrown,lightredordarkred.②Commontype:accordingtotheinjurymovementdirection,speedandhumancontact,itcanbedividedintothefollowingkinds:●Scratches：Sharpandhardobjects,suchasnailsandpinsskimovertheskinandmakeskindefect,thegeneralstressareaissmall,theforcealongthetangentialdirectionstreakthesurfaceoftheskin,maketheskindisplacedorfoldingalongthedirectionofforces,suchastherapecase,scratchesoftenoccurinvictim'stprivateparts,stockinside,handsandarms.●Grazes：Objectorroughgroundrubswithskinsurfaceandleadtothebruiseoftheskin.Generallythestressareaislargeandwidelydemaged.Thisoftencanbefoundinthebodypartswhichismoreprominent,anditissheetorstrip,butmaybeaccompaniedbysubcutaneousbleedingandscabskinformation.●Friction：TheobjectofRoughsurface,suchasropeorotherbraid,oppressesskin,atthesametimerubstheskinsurfacewithaheavyverticalforceandhorizontalforce.Suchas:hangedorstrangled;teethbites.●Impression：VulnerantofSmallareaimpactsskinsurfacewithhighspeedfromalmostperpendiculardirection,resultingSkinabrasions.Suchabrasionsalwayscausetheinjuryofdeeptissues.Asisthecaseofcarfrontstrikesstraightonthehumanbody,alsothebulletshotintothehumanbody③Identification：withthenormalnaturaldryingwiththedeathofthetableTherightfacialfriction④Forensicsignificance:▲Tipforexternalforce▲Inferthevulnerant▲Inferthedirectionoftheforce▲Specialpartsoffthetable:suchastheneck,innerthighs→inferthedamagereason(casedinferences)▲Inferthewayofinjury2.Contusion,bruise（1）Concept:Non-openskinlesionscausedbytheeffectsofbluntforce,togetherwithVascularruptureofskin,subcutaneoussofttissue,called(intradermalandsubcutaneous).（2）Character:▲Closedtrauma(bothchoppeddownandsubcutaneoushemorrhage)▲Hemorrhagepatterns:Internalbleeding,subcutaneousbleeding,subcutaneoushematoma▲Subcutaneoushemorrhagevariesinforms,withslightembossmentofsurface,canreflecttheareaofvulnerant▲Differentcolorofdifferenttime:(Hbdegradation)Colorvariation(usedtodeterminetheinjurytime：Skinbleeding(redorpurple)2-3dgreen2-3dyellow2-3dgraduallyvanishSubcutaneoushemorrhage(paleblueorvioletblue)6dblue-green4dyellow1-2w