油田抽油机节能设备研制

硕士学位论文油田抽油机节能设备研制RESEARCHONENERGY-SAVINGEQUIPMENTFORPUMPINGUNITONOILFIELD宋丹哈尔滨工业大学2009年6月国内图书分类号:TP273学校代码：10213国际图书分类号:621.3密级：公开硕士学位论文油田抽油机节能设备研制硕士研究生：宋丹导师：刘晓东副教授申请学位：工学硕士学科：测试计量技术及仪器所在单位：自动化测试与控制系答辩日期：2009年6月授予学位单位：哈尔滨工业大学ClassifiedIndex:TP273U.D.C.:621.3DissertationfortheMasterDegreeinEngineeringRESEARCHONENERGY-SAVINGEQUIPMENTFORPUMPINGUNITONOILFIELDCandidate：SongDanSupervisor：Associate.Prof.LiuXiaodongAcademicDegreeAppliedfor：MasterofEngineeringSpeciality：InstrumentScienceandTechnologyAffiliation：DepartmentofAutomaticTestandControlDateofDefence：June,2009Degree-Conferring-Institution：HarbinInstituteofTechnology哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文I摘要目前，我国大多数油田已处于开采末期，在石油开采过程中存在着巨大的能源浪费现象。其中抽油机空抽现象比较普遍，抽油机的连续工作方式至少造成50％的电能浪费。因此研制一种抽油机节能设备可以对石油行业节能减排、建设节能型企业起到至关重要的作用。本文通过查阅石油领域的文献分析了油井油液积聚规律，建立了油井内相关物理量的关系模型。在了解油井油液积聚规律的基础上设计了间歇抽油算法和总体方案。在控制器设计上，为了满足设备能够在条件恶劣的野外环境下工作，在芯片选型上采用军品级芯片。其中采用TMS320F2812型DSP作为主控芯片，设计了控制器硬件电路，利用DSP强大的运算和控制能力实现了对抽油机间歇抽油的控制和相关参数的计算；在油井空抽判别方面，设计了基于开关量信号的油量状态监测装置，可以对油井的状态进行监测；另外，控制器通过监测三相电流的变化，可以对电机进行断相保护。由于油井的条件不同，节能设备在刚投放使用时需要配置初始化参数。利用VisualC++和MeasurementStudio开发出了界面风格良好的控制器综合管理软件，可以方便地进行参数设置，也为设备出厂前的测试工作提供便利。在实验室条件下的测试结果表明，抽油机节能设备能够识别油量监测装置的信号，能够根据信号判断油井油量并昀终做出相应的控制。关键词：节能；DSP；CAN总线；间歇抽油算法哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文IIAbstractNowadays,mostofoilwellsaredryupandthereisahugewasteenergyintheprocessofoilexploitation,including50percentageofpowerconsumptionaccountingforpumpingunits.Asaresult,developingakindofenergy-savingequipmentisimportantfortheenergy-savingemissionofoilindustryandtobuildenergy-savingbusiness.InthisarticleIanalysetheaccumulatingrulesofoil,designthemodeloftheparameterofthewell,designtheintermittentpumpingarithmeticandschemeafterunderstandingtheaccumulatingrules.Theequipmentusedhigh-levelchipsinordertofulfilwiththeexecrablecircumstance.UsingTMS320F2812astheleadingchiptodesignthehardware.Andusingthepowerfulcalculatingcapacityandcontrollingcapacitytorealizehowtocontrolpumpingunit.Intheaspectofdistinguishingemptywell,Idesignakindofdevicewhichbasedonswitchsignal,andthisdevicecantesttheestateofwell.Inaddition,thisequipmentcanprotectelectromotorduringthevarietyofelectricity.Becauseofthedifferentconditionofwell,weneedtosetparametersoftheequipment.UsingVisualC++andMeasurementStudiotodesignthesoftware.Thissoftwarecansetparametersexpedientlyandcantestequipmentexpediently.Thetestresultundertheconditionoflaboratoryshowsthattheenergy-savingpumpingunithastheablitytoidentifythesignalwhichfromoiltestingdevice,andcontrolthepumpingunitbasedonsignal.Keywords:energy-saving,DSP,CANBus,intermittentpumpingarithmetic哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文III目录摘要....................................................................................................................IAbstract.................................................................................................................II第1章绪论..........................................................................................................11.1课题背景.....................................................................................................11.1.1抽油机常用节能技术综述....................................................................11.1.2油井间歇抽油理论综述........................................................................21.2课题来源和意义..........................................................................................31.3国内外研究现状及分析..............................................................................41.4研究目标.....................................................................................................41.5本课题主要研究的内容..............................................................................41.6本文结构.....................................................................................................5第2章油井油液积聚规律及间歇抽油算法研究.................................................62.1油井油液积聚规律研究..............................................................................62.1.1油井油液积聚规律综述........................................................................62.1.2开井泵抽时油井内相关物理量的变化.................................................82.1.3关井恢复时油井内相关物理量的变化...............................................132.2间歇抽油算法设计....................................................................................172.2.1初始间歇抽油时间计算......................................................................172.2.2用爬山法优化初始间歇抽油时间......................................................192.3本章小结...................................................................................................25第3章总体方案.................................................................................................263.1控制器功能要求及技术指标.....................................................................263.1.1控制器功能要求.................................................................................263.1.2节能控制器技术指标.........................................................................263.2节能控制器设计方案................................................................................273.3油井抽空判别方案............................................................