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摘要自动柜员机(ATM)因操作简单，不受时间限制，方便存取现金等特点，能够提高银行工作效率，吸引客户，成为银行业不可或缺的基础设施。特别是我国加入WTO后，国内各大银行为了应对国外银行业的竞争，提高核心竞争力，均加快了自身转型，大力发展自助金融业务。但目前存在的问题是我国存在的ATM分布并不十分合理，有些区域ATM网点分布密度过大，存在资源浪费现象；而有些区域分布不足，甚至在有些区域是空白。这样就不能很好的为客户服务，如何科学、合理地设置银行ATM网点成为银行亟待解决的问题。影响ATM选址的因素特别多，本文通过实地调查广州市天河区龙洞ATM样本网点的区位影响因素，采用主成分分析法筛选出了影响ATM选址的六大因素：常住人口数量，流动人口数量、公共服务设施数量，大中专院校数量和竞争行网点。本文主要内容共分为五部分：首先，介绍了国内外ATM研究发展现状，存在的问题、研究的目的及意义以及结构安排。其次，概述了与ATM机项目选址相关工业区位论物流中心选址理论；再次，介绍了与ATM选址所用到的选址理论及模型。然后，确定了选址相关的区域需求总量模型、区域选择模型、位置选择模型，最后，用对选址进行模糊综合评价，并以广州市天河区龙洞为例，阐述了如何应用模型来确定新增的ATM机选址。关键词：自动柜员机(ATM)，离行网点，选址ATM机离行网点选择1/45AbstractATM,shortforautomatictellermachine,isanindispensableinfrastructureforbankingindustry.UsingATM,abankcanimproveworkefficiencytoattractclientsbecauseofmanyadvantages,suchasoperationsimplicity,timeunlimitationandtransactionconvenience.Inordertoadvancecorecompetencetocopewiththecompetitionfromforeignbanks,particularlyafterjoiningWTO,banksinChinaacceleratetheirowntransformationsanddevelopself-helpfinancialbusiness.However,thecurrentproblemisthattheexistingATMs'distributionisnotreasonable.InsomeareasATMsitesaredistributiondensityandresultinresourcewaste.Onthecontrary,insomeareasthey'reinsufficientdistributed,evensomeareblank.Therefore,nowit'saproblemtobesolvedtohowtosetupATMsbothscientificallyandrationally.TherearenumbersofsegmentstoinfluenceATM'slocationselection.InthisarticleweusedfieldsurveytoinvestigatethesegmentsofthesampleATMsinLongdong,TianheDistrict,Guangzhou.ThenweusedPCA(principalcomponentanalysis)tofiltersixmainsegments:numberofpermanentpopulation,numberoffloatingpopulation,numberofpublicservicefacility,numberofuniversityandmoderatespecialityschoolandcompetitors'sites.Thisarticleincludesfiveparts.Aboveall,weintroducedpresentdevelopmentsituationofATMresearchesathomeandabroad,existingproblems,researchpurpose,researchsignificanceandstructurearrangement.NextwesummarizedtheprojectsiteandATMlocation-relatedindustriesaswellaslocationtheoryofcommercial.Thenweintroduceslocationtheoriesandmodelsareusedinthearticle.Finallywedeterminedthemodel:regiontotaldemandmodel,regionselectionmodel,locationselectionmodelandtookLongdongforexampletoexpressthewaytoapplythosemodeltoselectanewATMsite.Keywords:automatictellermachine,ATM,locationselectionATM机离行网点选择2/45目录1.导论...........................................................41．1研究背景及意义...............................................................................................41．2国内外研究现状...............................................................................................61．3研究方法和写作思路.......................................................................................72.项目选址的一般理论和方法.......................................82．1区位论...............................................................................................................82．2物流中心选址理论............................................................................................83.龙洞商业区设离行式ATM机项目选址相关因素分析...................103．1影响ATM网点选址的主要因素....................................................................103．2ATM区位影响因素的调查、解释、分析..................................................113．3ATM区位影响因素的选择.............................................................................144.龙洞增设离行式ATM机选址实证分析...............................154．1龙洞商业区增设离行式ATM机的必要性分析...........................................154．1．1ATM机成为客户用卡的主要渠道................................................154．1．2ATM将成为银行中间业务收入的重要渠道................................164．1．3龙洞商业区ATM机的数量及分布不合理造成不能满足需求.....164．2离行式ATM机选址模型................................................................................174．2．1区域总量需求模型............................................................................174．2．2区域选择模型....................................................................................184．2．3ATM机位置选择模型....................................................................195.综合评价及选址................................................20ATM机离行网点选择3/455．1模糊综合评价..................................................................................................205．1．1综合评价............................................................................................215．1．2确定最优选址....................................................................................225．1．3具体应用人流量................................................................................225．2样本网点(ATM)选址过程与结果...................................................................235．2．1新增ATM机选址区域分析..............................................................235．2．2新增ATM机位置选择分析..............................................................245．2．3新增ATM机集体定位......................................................................266.结论.........................................................307.参考文献......................................................32ATM机离行网点选择4/451.导论1．1研究背景及意义自动柜员机(AutomaticTelIerMachine，本文简称为ATM)诞生于1977年。从八十年代末、九十年代初，自动柜员机(ATM)开始逐渐进入中国，当时人们看到这个“会出钱”的机器，敢于使用的人并不多。1993年后，各中国各大商业银行开始比较慢慢大规模的安装，自动柜员机(ATM)也逐步形成网点。【1】自动柜员机(ATM)作为各种银