APIRP14E-1991近海生产平台管道系统的设计和安装

AmericanPetroleumInstituteRP14E1991RecommendedPracticeforDesignandInstallationofOffshoreProductionPlatformPipingSystemsRecommendedPracticeforDesignandInstallationofOffshoreProductionPlatformPipingSystemsAPIRECOMMENDEDPRACTICE14E(RP14E)FIFTHEDITION,OCTOBER1,1991AmericanPetroleumInstitute1220LStreet,NorthwestWashington,DC20005‚IssuedbyAMERICANPETROLEUMINSTITUTEProductionDepartmentFORINFORMATIONCONCERNINGTECHNICALCONTENTSOFTHISPUBLICATIONCONTACTTHEAPIPRODUCTIONDEPARTMENT,1201MAINSTREET,SUITE2535,DALLAS,TX75202-3904─[phone].Usersofthispublicationshouldbecomecompletelyfamiliarwithitsscopeandcontent.Thispublicationisintendedtosupplementratherthanreplaceindividualengineeringjudgment.OFFICIALPUBLICATION‚REG.U.S.PATENTOFFICECopyright©1991AmericanPetroleumInstituteAttentionUsersofthisPublication:Portionsofthispublicationhavebeenchangedfromthepreviousedition.Thelocationsofchangeshavebeenmarkedwithabarinthemargin,asshowntotheleftofthisparagraph.Insomecasesthechangesreflectminoreditorialadjustments.Thebarnotationsinthemargins[RP14E]CopyrightbyAmericanPetroleumInstitute(FriNov0211:01:532001):ThisisthefiftheditionofthisRecommendedPractice.Itincludeschangestothefourthadoptedatthe1990StandardizationConference.Thisstandardshallbecomeeffectiveonthedateprintedonthecover,butmaybeusedvoluntarilyfromthedateofdistribution.POLICYSTATEMENTAPIPUBLICATIONSNECESSARILYADDRESSPROBLEMSOFAGENERALNATURE.WITHRESPECTTOPARTICULARCIRCUMSTANCES,LOCAL,STATE,ANDFEDERALLAWSANDREGULATIONSSHOULDBEREVIEWED.APIISNOTUNDERTAKINGTOMEETDUTIESOFEMPLOYERS,MANUFACTURERS,ORSUPPLIERSTOWARNANDPROPERLYTRAINANDEQUIPTHEIREMPLOYEES,ANDOTHERSEXPOSED,CONCERNINGHEALTHANDSAFETYRISKSANDPRECAUTIONS,NORUNDERTAKINGTHEIROBLIGATIONSUNDERLOCAL,STATE,ORFEDERALLAWS.NOTHINGCONTAINEDINANYAPIPUBLICATIONISTOBECONSTRUEDASGRANTINGANYRIGHT,BYIMPLICATIONOROTHERWISE,FORTHEMANUFACTURE,SALE,ORUSEOFANYMETHOD,APPARATUS,ORPRODUCTCOVEREDBYLETTERSPATENT.NEITHERSHOULDANYTHINGCONTAINEDINTHISPUBLICATIONBECONSTRUEDASINSURINGANYONEAGAINSTLIABILITYFORINFRINGEMENTOFLETTERSPATENT.GENERALLY,APISTANDARDSAREREVIEWEDANDREVISED,REAFFIRMED,ORWITHDRAWNATLEASTEVERYFIVEYEARS.SOMETIMESAONE-TIMEEXTENSIONOFUPTOTWOYEARSWILLBEADDEDTOTHISREVIEWCYCLE.THISPUBLICATIONWILLNOLONGERBEINEFFECTFIVEYEARSAFTERITSPUBLICATIONDATEASANOPERATIVEAPISTANDARDOR,WHEREANEXTENSIONHASBEENGRANTED,UPONREPUBLICATION.STATUSOFTHISPUBLICATIONCANBEASCERTAINEDFROMTHEAPIAUTHORINGDEPARTMENT(TEL.[phone].)ACATALOGOFAPIPUBLICATIONSANDMATERIALSISPUBLISHEDANNUALLYANDUPDATEDQUARTERLYBYAPI,1220LST.,N.W.,WASHINGTON,D.C.20005.AmericanPetroleumInstitute(API)RecommendedPracticesarepublishedtofacilitatetheboardavailabilityofproven,soundengineeringandoperatingpractices.TheseRecommendedPracticesarenotintendedtoobviatetheneedforapplyingsoundjudgmentastowhenandwheretheseRecommendedPracticesshouldbeutilized.[RP14E]CopyrightbyAmericanPetroleumInstitute(FriNov0211:01:532001)(RP)isunderthejurisdictionoftheAmericanPetroleumInstitute(API)CommitteeonStandardizationofOffshoreSafetyandAnti-PollutionEquipment.IthasbeenpreparedwiththeoveralladvisoryguidanceoftheAPI,OffshoreOperatorsCommittee(OOC),andtheWesternOilandGasAssociation(WOGA).CorrosionrelatedsectionswerepreparedwiththeassistanceoftheNationalAssociationofCorrosionEngineers(NACE).b.ThisRPcontainsinformationforuseprimarilybydesignengineerswithaworkingknowledgeofproductionplatformoperations.Someoftheinformationmaybeusefultoexperiencedoperatingpersonnel.NothinginthisRPistobeconstruedasafixedrulewithoutregardtosoundengineeringjudgementnorisitintendedtosupercedeoroverrideanyfederal,state,orlocalregulationwhereapplicable.c.ConversionofEnglishunitstoInternationalSystem(SI)metricunitsasbeenomittedtoaddclaritytographsandempiricalformulas.FactorsthatmaybeusedorconversionofEnglishunitstoSIunitsweretakenfromAPIPublication2564,andarelistedbelow:LENGTH1inch(in.)=25.4millimetres(mm)exactlyPRESSURE1poundper=0.06894757Barsquareinch(psi)NOTE:1Bar=100kilopascals(kPa)[RP14E]CopyrightbyAmericanPetroleumInstitute(FriNov0211:01:542001)=0.006894757Mega-squareinch(psi)pascals(MPa)IMPACTENERGY1foot-pound=1.355818Joules(J)(ft-lb)TORQUE1fo