名词单复数教案名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词可数名词:可以用来计数的名词,有单数和复数形式,如:desk-desks,apple-apples等不可数名词:不可以直接用来计数的名词,没有复数形式,只有单数形式,如:somebread,alittlemilk等一、可数名词1.可数名词复数的规则变化1)一般名词变复数在其后面加s,如map→maps(地图)2)以s,x,sh,ch等结尾的词加es,如bus→buses(公共汽车),watch→watches(手表),box→boxes,dish→dishes(盘子)3)A.以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变y为i,再加es,如baby→babies(婴儿)B.以元音字母+y结尾的词,直接加s,如monkey→monkeys(猴),holiday→holidays(假期),storey→storeys(楼层);注意:以y结尾的专有名词变复数时,直接加s,如:twoMarys,theHenrys4)以o结尾的名词变复数时:A.表示无生命的加s,如photo→photos(照片),piano→pianos(钢琴),radio→radios(收音机),zoo→zoos(动物园)B.表示有生命的加es,如hero→heroes(英雄),potato→potatoes(土豆),tomato→tomatoes(西红柿)巧记:英雄爱吃土豆炖西红柿。特殊:zero→zeros/zeroes。5)以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时:A.变f,fe为v,再加es,如half→halves(一半),knife→knives(刀子),wife→wives(妻子),life→lives(生命)巧记:小偷(thief)的妻子(wife)用刀子(knife)和树叶(leaf)把狼(wolf)劈成两半(half)。B.加s的名词有:belief→beliefs(信念),roof→roofs(屋顶)特殊:如handkerchief→handkerchiefs/handkerchieves。Practice:1.Theycomefromdifferent______A.countryB.countriesC.acountryD.countrys2.Howmany______doyouseeinthepicture?A.tomatosB.tomatoesC.tomatoD.thetomato3.Therearesome______inthese_______.A.knifes…pencil-boxesB.knives…pencils-boxC.knives…pencil-boxD.knives…pencils-boxes4._______aregoodforourhealth.A.TomatosB.TomatoesC.Tomato5.Iliketoeatcakewith______.A.cherriesB.cherryC.cherrys6.______and______arenotfriends.A.Foxs…wolfsB.Foxes…wolfsC.Foxes…wolves2.可数名词复数的不规则变化1)child---childrenfoot---feettooth---teethmouse---miceman---menwoman---womengoose---geese(鹅)注意:1)由一个词加man或woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women,如anEnglishman,twoEnglishmen,因为German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;由man或woman构成的复合名词变复数时,两个名词需要同时变为复数形式,如womanteacher-wowenteachers,mandoctor-mendoctors2)单复同形,如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese,jin,yuan,mu等。除人民币的元、角、分外,美元、英镑等都有复数形式。如:twodollars,twopounds。3)表示“某国人”的复数变化规则巧记:中日瑞士都不变,英法变,其他后面加s.Chinese→Chinese,Japanese→Japanese,Swiss→Swiss;Englishman→Englishmen,Frenchman→Frenchmen;German→Germans,Canadian→Canadians4)“数词+名词”作定语时,这个名词保留单数形式,要用连字符连接,例如:two-dozeneggs两打鸡蛋aten-milewalk十英里路two-hundredtrees两百棵树afive-yearplan.一个五年计划Practice:1.Theyare______.A.womanteachersB.womenteachersC.womenteacherD.womanteacher2.Wouldyoulike_______,please?A.twoglassofwaterB.twoglassesofwaterC.twoglassofwatersD.twoglassesofwaters3.Mostof______livein_______.A.Germans,GermanB.German,GermenC.Germen,GermanyD.Germans,Germany4.Thesearethe______ofournational______.A.photos…heroesB.photoes…heroesC.photos…heros5.The______arerunningonthe______.A.deer…grassesB.deers…grassC.deer…grass6.IwassohungryandIatetwo______.A.bowlsofnoodleB.bowlsofnoodlesC.bowlofnoodles要注意的问题:1)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:a.maths,politics,physics等学科名词,一般是不可数名词,为单数。b.news为不可数名词。c.theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations应视为单数。2)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。例如:people,police,cattle等本身就是复数,后面谓语动词用复数,不能说apeople,apolice,acattle,但可以说aperson,apoliceman,aheadofcattle3)只有复数形式的名词trousers裤子,pants裤子,shorts短裤glasses眼镜,compasses圆规,scales天平,pliers钳子,clips剪子。trafficlights交通灯(一般有三盏,这样理解)sports(运动),做主语时,谓语动词用复数4)the+姓氏复数表示一家人,如:TheGreenslikeplayingtennis.5)另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼。6)名词所有格1)一般情况下,单数名词的所有格是在词尾直接加's,如theboy'sbag男孩的书包;复数名词词尾没有s,也要加's,如men'sroom男厕所;若名词已有复数词尾-s,只加',如:theworkers'desks工人的桌子。2)表示两人或多人共同拥有某物时,只需在最后一个名词词尾加’s;表示两人或多人分别拥有时,各个名词词尾都需加’sJohn'sandMary'srooms(两间)JohnandMary'sroom(一间)3)表示时间,距离,国家,团体等无生命的东西的名词,也可+’s,如,ninehour’swalkyesterday’swork4)有些名词所有格表示诊所,家,店铺如,atthedoctor’satMary’satthebarber’s5)无生命的名词所有格一般用of构成如,amapofChinathenameofthecityPractice:1.______like______byair.A.Greens,travellingB.TheGreen,travelingC.TheGreens,travelD.TheGreens,traveling2.Iwonderwhy______areinterestedinactionfilms(武打片).A.thepeopleB.peopleC.peoplesD.thepeoples3.Thereisno______intheplate.A.applesB.orangesC.riceD.eggs二、不可数名词1)常见的不可数名词:advice,hair,homework,work,information,knowledge,money,news,progress,health,time,baggage(行李),change(零钱),furniture(家具)2)不可数名词如何表示数量:通常用数词+单位词+of来表示。如:apieceofpaper,threepiecesofpaper等。apieceofbread(paper(纸),cloth(布),news(新闻),advice(意见),information(信息),,meat(肉))acakeofsoap一块肥皂atubeoftoothpaste一条牙膏abottleofink一瓶墨水当单位词可数,且前面的数词大于一时,单位词需要用复数形式,如twobottlesofwater两瓶水twopiecesofpaper两张纸3)有些物质名词单复数形式表示不同含义,如,fruit水果----fruits各种各样的水果,glass玻璃----glasses眼镜,玻璃杯,paper纸----papers报纸;论文;试卷(adailypaper日报),coffee咖啡----fourcoffees四杯咖啡可数名词和不可数名词的主谓一致问题:1)可数名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数与主语的单复数保持一致。如:Thesepicturesareverybeautiful.这些画很美。2)不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式,但是不可数名词前有复数单位词时,谓语动词要用复数形式。如:Twocupsofteaareonthetable.桌上有两杯茶。真题重现: