第五届电气技术研讨会陈哲报告

1现代电力系统中的风力发电技术WindPowerinModernPowerSystemsZheCHENProfessor,[e-mail]•StatusofWindPowerDevelopment•Danishgridcodeforwindturbineconnection•Windpowerinpowersystems(voltagecontrolandelectricitymarket)•Offshorewindpowertechnology•IntroductionofwindpowerresearchattheDepartmentofEnergyTechnology,AalborgUniversityContact:ProfessorZChen,DepartmentofEnergyTechnology,AalborgUniversity,[e-mail]3RenewableEnergyTechnologyGeothermal15yravggrowth:27.7%2011growth:20.3%SteveSawyer“GlobalWindMarketUpdate”,EWEA012conferenceApril2010,CopenhagenWindPowerDevelopment15yravggrowth:27.5%2011growth:6%SteveSawyer“GlobalWindMarketUpdate”,EWEA2012April2012,CopenhagenWindPowerDevelopment6WindTurbineDevelopmentV164-7.0MW7TheSupergridwouldlinkaseriesofoffshorewindfarmsthroughtheBalticSea,theNorthSea,theAtlantic,theBayofBiscayandtheMediterranean.DevelopmentsinWindEnergyTechnology8DanishPowerIndustryWindpowercovers28%ofelectricityconsumption2011Aimsfora50%windshareby2025DenmarkalsohaslargenumberofCHPinstallationswhichsupplybothheatandelectricityloadwithahighefficiency.Developmentfromthelate1980stopresent9Windpowerfeatures•Windislessflexibleandlesscontrollable•Windpowerisintermittentanddifficulttopredict•Largesharesofwindincreasedemandforcapacityreservesandancillaryservices•Unfavourablegeographicalallocation–Attractivewindconditionsareusuallylocatedinsparselypopulatedcoastalareasandweakgrid10SteadystateFrequency/PowercontrolLow/highfrequencysupportVoltagesupport/reactivepowercompensationPowerQuality,flicker,harmonicsTransient/dynamicstateFaultridethrough,tostayconnectedduringlowvoltageonthegridRamprateCommunication/powerdispatchReliablecommunicationWindforecastingParticipatepowermarketOperateawindfarm/windturbinelikeapowerstation/plantGridCode:Technicaldocumentcontainingtherulesgoverningtheoperation,maintenance,&developmentofthesystemGridCodesdescriptionandpurpose11Activepowerproductionrequirementsatfrequency/voltagevariations25kWto1.5MWandabove11kWto25kWDanishGridCode:Technicalregulation3.2.5forwindpowerplantswithapoweroutputgreaterthan11kW12Requirementsfortoleranceofvoltagedropsforwindpowerplantswithapoweroutputgreaterthan1.5MWDanishGridCode:Technicalregulation3.2.5forwindpowerplantswithapoweroutputgreaterthan11kW13Requirementforreactivepowersupply,IQ,duringvoltagedropsforwindpowerplantswithapoweroutputgreaterthan1.5MWDanishGridCode:Technicalregulation3.2.5forwindpowerplantswithapoweroutputgreaterthan11kW14Frequencycontrolforwindpowerplantswithapoweroutputhigherthan25MW,asshowninconnectionwithaminordownwardregulationPDeltaDanishGridCode:Technicalregulation3.2.5forwindpowerplantswithapoweroutputgreaterthan11kW15Reactivepowerrequirements1.5kWto1.5MW1.5MWto25MWgreaterthan25MWDanishGridCode:Technicalregulation3.2.5forwindpowerplantswithapoweroutputgreaterthan11kWLOCATION:TransmissionlineintheSouthofSpain•ArcosdelaFrontera(Cádiz):6windfarmswithaninstalledcapacityof122MW.Connectedto400kV.•TajodelaEncantada(Málaga):3windfarmswithaninstalledcapacityof111MW.Connectedto220kV.•Huéneja(Granada):6windfarmswithaninstalledcapacityof248MW.Connectedto400kV.VoltageRegulationDemonstrationC.Combarros,J.C.Pérez,“ResultsofimplementingvoltagecontrolstrategiesinaclusterwithintheTWENTIESprojectframework”,EWEAApril,2012WindpowercontrolEachclusterhaveaControlUnitTheclusterControlUnitcanimplementvariousstrategiestothedifferenttests.Thecontrollerwillreceiveavoltageset-pointandthendetermineareactivepowerset-pointperwindfarm,inordertokeepthevoltageset-pointreceived,takingintoaccountthereactivepowercapacityofthewindfarms.VoltageControlinaClusterAproportionalcontrolalgorithmC.Combarros,J.C.Pérez,“ResultsofimplementingvoltagecontrolstrategiesinaclusterwithintheTWENTIESprojectframework”,EWEAApril,2012WindpowercontrolEvolutionoftheVoltage220kVand400kVOscillationsSaturationTapchangerinfluenceC.Combarros,J.C.Pérez,“ResultsofimplementingvoltagecontrolstrategiesinaclusterwithintheTWENTIESprojectframework”,EWEAApril,2012WindpowercontrolWindFarmbehaviourFastresponseQavailableSaturationC.Combarros,J.C.Pérez,“ResultsofimplementingvoltagecontrolstrategiesinaclusterwithintheTWENTIESprojectframework”,EWEAApril,2012WindpowercontrolWindpowerinelectricitymarketSource:EWEASource:IEAWind,Task25Windpowerinelectricitymarket21AndersN.Andersen,“Proactiveparticipationofwindturbinesinthebalancingmarkets”,EWEAApril,2012FutureoffshoreprojectsinDenmarkNicolaosA.Cutululis,MariscielLitong-Palima,PoulSørensen,“Offshorewindpowerproductionincriticalweatherconditions”,TWENTIESWorkshop23Windfarmscontrolunderstormyconditions•Flexibleturbinecontrol.•Stormfrontforecasts.•CoordinatewindfarmcontrolwithtielineandHVDCinterconnectorcontrolNicolaosA.Cutululis,MariscielLitong-Palima,PoulSørensen,“Offshorewindpowerproductionincriticalweatherconditions”,TWENTIESWorkshop•OffshorewindpowerwillcontributesignificantlytofutureEuropeanenergysupply•Danishoffshorewindpowerisconcentratedinarelativelysmallgeographicalarea•Criticalweatherconditionscanleadtolargevariationsino