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关于生产经济活动与资源环境关于生产经济活动与资源环境关于生产经济活动与资源环境关于生产经济活动与资源环境协调发展的战略思考协调发展的战略思考协调发展的战略思考协调发展的战略思考山西省环境保护局山西省环境保护局王景龙王景龙Strategicconsiderationonharmoniousdevelopmentbetweenproduction&economicactivitiesandresources&environmentEnviromentalEnviromentalProtectionBureauofProtectionBureauofShanxiShanxiProvinceProvinceWangWangJinglongJinglong引引引引言言言言Foreword当前，一种讨论和探索如何走出经济增长极限、解决环境危机、实现可持续发展的思潮，从生态学界萌发，在经济学界、社会学界广泛讨论。如何避免当某个时候环境资源耗竭使人类走向灭亡的悲剧发生？人与自然能和谐共生吗？怎样才能将人类的生产和生活行为规范在自然生态环境和资源的承载能力范围之内？Now，Athought,discussingandsearchingforhowtoresolvetheconflictbetweeneconomicgrowthandnaturallimitandachievesustainabledevelopment,isrisingfromecologicalfield,andiswidelydebatedinsociologicalfield.Howtoavoidthetragedythatenvironmentalresourcesexhaustionwillpushhumankindtowardsdestructioninsometime?Arehumankindandnatureabletoharmoniouslycoexist?Howtoregularizehumanproductionandlifewithincarryingcapacityofnaturalecosystemandenvironment?我们要从生产经济活动与环境的紧张关系的根源上找到疾病之所在，把扭曲了的矫正过来，探索人类与自然和谐共生的发展道路。Whatwewilldoistofindoutwheretheessentialproblemsare,rectifythedistortedviewpoints,leadthemintoarightwayandfinallyachieveharmoniouscoexistencebetweenhumankindandnature.一做理智人绝不走到增长的极限ChapterIPerformingAsRationalHumankind,AvoidingMovingTowardsGrowthExtremity考察人类各个阶段的生产、生活活动与自然环境的相处状态，可分为三个阶段：Humankindistheproductofenvironmentalevolutionandthereforehumankind’slivinganddevelopmentisfastdependentonenvironment.Lookingfromthecoexistencehistorybetweenhumankindandnature，threestagesaredivided:第一阶段为自然人阶段第一阶段为自然人阶段第一阶段为自然人阶段第一阶段为自然人阶段。。。。这一阶段，从人类诞生到工业化以前，以人类的简单生产活动满足基本的生活需求为特征。由于生产力水平较低，基本上处于人与环境呈自然状态的和谐阶段。ThefirstisNaturalHumankindstage.Fromthebirthofhumankindandthebeginningofindustrialization,thestageischaracterizedassimpleproductionactivitiesofhumankindtomeetbasiclivingneeds.Humankindandnaturalenvironmentarebasicallyinanaturallyharmoniousstage.第二阶段为利益人阶段第二阶段为利益人阶段第二阶段为利益人阶段第二阶段为利益人阶段。。。。这一阶段的特点是人类已不满足于获得基本的生活资料的生产方式而是以追求利益和集聚财富为主要目的进行生产。人们满足生活需要的物质欲望，变成了聚集财富的贪欲。生产的组织者不顾环境的承载能力，不顾自已的生产活动对环境的影响和破坏，进行大规模的开发、生产活动。结果造成了局部区域乃至大范围的环境危机。ThesecondwasProfit-pursuingHumankindstage.Thestagewascharacterizedasthathumankindhadnotsatisfiedwiththeproductionmodeforacquiringbasiclivingmaterialsbutconductedproductionactivitiesmainlyforthepurposeofpursingprofitsandaccumulatingwealth.Ashumankind’sgreedwasexpanding,thehumankindpursuingprofitwerestillcarryingoutdevelopmentandproductionatlargescaleregardlessofthecarryingabilityofenvironmentandpositiveornegativeimpactstoenvironmentoftheiractivities.如果就这样一直走下去，地球对人类环境资源的供给，总有一天会走到极限，不可再生资源将会被耗竭，物种将会减少到不能满足人类生存发展的需要，空气、水、土地不能利用，气候也将变得不宜人类生活和生产，环境不断恶化，由局部地区发展到大部分地区。人类将像那些失去生存栖息环境的动物那样面临着无可挽回的灭顶之灾。Thereservesofnon-renewableresourceslikepetroleum,coalandnaturalgasarelessandlesswhiletheconsumptionismoreandmore,thesupplycannotmeetthedemandandtherebythepriceisbooming.Inthesameway,somerenewableresourceslikeothermineralsandwoodareconsumedatlargescale,thedemandisquicklyincreasingandthesupplyhasbeeninsufficient.人类必须理智地思索这个问题。必须改变过去人与自然的关系，改变不计资源消耗和环境后果的生产方式，改变对资源的占有及利用资源收益的分配方式。这就是人类与自然界的关系走到了第三个阶段，即理智人阶段。Nowhumankindisawareoftheseriousconflictbetweenhimselfandnature,hemustponderupontheconflictinrationalway.Humankindmustchangethepastrelationsbetweenhumanandnature,transformtheproductionmodedisregardingresourcesconsumptionandenvironmentbenefitandalterresourcespossessionwayanddistributionmodeofincomefromutilizingresources.That’sthethirdstagenamedRationalHumankindstage.第三阶段为理智人阶段三阶段为理智人阶段三阶段为理智人阶段三阶段为理智人阶段。。。。这一阶段，是今后的发展方向。将是追求利润、以破坏环境为代价的增长方式的终结，将是以保护占有者利益和占有方式的社会形态的终结。ThethirdstageisRationalHumankindstage.Inthisstage,thegrowthmodewithpursuingprofitanddestroyingenvironmentasthecostisendedandthesocialformationthatprotectsowners’interestandpossessionmodeisconcluded.代之而起的是以科学的发展观为灵魂，以人人都有平等享用资源、享有环境权的人权思想为价值基础，根据资源的供给情况和环境承载能力安排资源环境的利用，布局产业，合理安排经济发展，对社会收益进行公平分配、限制过度消费的发展方式。我们把这一阶段的人叫做理智人。Thenewstagewillfollowthescientificdevelopmentconceptasitsguidance,andregardshumanrightsthought“Peoplesharetheresourceequallyandhavethesamerighttoaccesstonature.”asitsvaluebasis;inthestage,humankindregulatetheindustrydevelopmentaccordingtoresourcessupplyandenvironmentalcarryingcapacity,reasonablydesignseconomicgrowthandachievesocialgrowthbyadoptingfairdistributiontosocialincome.WedefinehumankindinthisstageastheRationalHumankind.理智人就是以理智方式处理人与自然的关系，把人类获取物质的行为约束到与资源环境供给协调、平衡、和谐的人类。RationalHumankindtakesrationalwaystotreattherelationsbetweenhumankindandnatureandregularizehumanactionsforacquiringmaterialsintoaharmoniousrelationwithenvironmentalresourcessupply.理智人要从根本上抛弃传统经济学以扩大消费、拉动增长、促进发展为主线的增长发展理论。因为这种理论指导着实践向错误的方向发展，是形成牺牲环境、浪费资源的经济模式的理论根源。RationalHumankindshouldputawaythetraditionaleconomicgrowththeorywithstimulatingconsumption,promotingdemand,boostinggrowthandincreasingwealthaccumulationasitscorevalue.Thistheoryisthetheoreticalsourceofeconomicalmodetosacrificeenvironmentandwasteresources.其一，是刺激消费、扩大增长，其消费的物质最终落到了对资源环境的消耗上。Thefirstdisadvantage,whentheconsumptionwasdrivenandtheeconomicgrowthwasexpanded,thematerialsconsumptionfinallyresultedinthewasteofenvironmentalresources