非谓语动词-ing

非谓语动词（non-finiteverb）---不定式、动词ing及过去分词Nov.25,2016Lead-in找出非谓语动词：Theoldmanwashelpedbythelittleboytocrosstheroad.Comparedwiththebluecup,thegreenoneismuchbetter.Hearingthenews,Johnfeltexcited.Theladysatonthebench(长椅),waitingforhisson.Theoldmanwashelpedbythelittleboytocrosstheroad.Comparedwiththebluecup,thegreenoneismuchbetter.Hearingthenews,Johnfeltexcited.Theladysatonthebench(长椅),waitingforhisson.一、非谓语动词的概念动词的基本用法是作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。二、非谓语形式有三种：1.动词不定式：todo→表目的或将来2.动词的ing:doing→表主动和进行3.动词的过去分词：done→表被动和完成非谓语动词三种结构形式动词不定式现在分词/动名词过去分词三、非谓语动词的时态和语态一般式完成式进行式不定式do/todo主动todotohavedonetobedoing被动tobedonetohavebeendone进行式v-ing主动doinghavingdone被动beingdonehavingbeendone过去分词done被动done动词不定式•作主语:todo;Itis+adj.(forsb.)+todosth•作宾语:动词后直接加todo•作表语:be,seem,appear等词后•作状语:目的状语或结果状语•作补语:advisesbtodo....•后置定语：something，anything，somebody...过去分词过去分词→done常用于have/has/haddone构成完成时态动名词/现在分词1.一般形式Seeingisbelieving.眼见为信。ComingtoHangzhoubytraintakesabout16hours.乘火车到杭州要16个小时。2.通常为了避免句子主语过于冗长，用it作形式主语。如：It’snicetalkingwithyou.和你谈话很高兴。It’snousearguingwithhim.跟他争论没用。3.“There+be+no+n+-ing”结构，此结构的意义相当于“It’s+adj+todosth”。如：Thereisnoharmindoingso.这样做没有害处。一般式doingvs.完成式--havingdone时间上的区分1.Lookingcarefullyattheground,Imademywaytotheedgeofthecrater(岩坑边缘).2.Havingexperiencedsomuchintheearthquake,thelittlegirlhadabetterunderstandingoflifeanddeath.Canyoutellthedifferencebetweenthetwoforms?在一般式中，所表示的时间与谓语动词之间没有明显的先后顺序在完成式中，所表示的时间再谓语动词之前否定→在doing前面加not→notknowing..../nothavingseen....v-ing作主语→动名词：相当于名词Seeingisbelieving.Readinginbedisbadforyoureyes.Teachingismyjob.动名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式不定式→todosth•Toseeistobelieve.•Itisbadforustoreadinbed.•MyjobistoteachEnglish.动名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式1.作主语作主语时，todosth和doing之间的区别(1)动名词→抽象动作;不定式→具体动作。Smokingisprohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)Itisnotverygoodforyoutosmokesomuch.(具体)(2)动名词→通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。不定式短语→通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。Climbingmountainsisinteresting.爬山很有趣。(经验)Drivingacarduringtherushhouristiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)Hegetsupveryearlyeverydaytocatchthefirstbus.（目的）(3)不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。Ittookmeonlyfiveminutestofinishthejob.Itisgoodtakeagiftwhenyougotoaparty.注意几个句型（doing）1.Itisawasteoftimedoingsth做...是浪费时间2.Itisnogood/usedoingsth做...没好处/没用3.Itishardly/scarcelyworthdoingsth做...不值得4.Itisworthdoingsth做...是值得的5.Thereisnopointdoingsth做...无意义6.Thereisnouse(in)doingsth做....没用1.Climbingsohigh_____me_____dizzy.A.made,feltB.makes,tofeelC.made,feelingD.makes,feel2.Togetupearlyinthemorning____agoodhabit.A.isB.amC.areD.be3.Itwill____youhalfanhour_____thereonfoot.A.cost,gettingB.takes,togetC.cost,togetD.take,toget4._____toomuchmaymakeyouputonweight.Mindyourdiet.A.NottoeatB.EatingC.EatD.Doing5.Thereisnouse____here.Gotothepoliceforhelp.A.tocryB.cryingC.cryD.becryingv-ing作表语Myfavoritesportisswimming.Thisdishsmellsinviting.动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。Ourworkisservingthepeople.Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.不定式作表语1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。Todotwothingsatatimeistodoneither.一次做两件事等于未做。WhatIwouldsuggestistostartworkatonce.我的建议是立刻开始干活。2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件)，表语也是不定式(表示结果)。Toseeistobelieve.百闻不如一见。Toworkmeanstoearnaliving.2.作表语1.Bequiet!Iseem_____someone_____intheclassroom.A.tohear,singingB.hear,singingC.tolistento,singD.listento,sing2.Myjobis______Englishinaschool.A.beingteachingB.toteachC.teacherD.teaches3.Thisplayisreally_____.Weallfeel_____init.A.interested,interestedB.interesting,interestingC.interesting,interestedD.interested,interesting作宾语→动名词1.动词-ing形式可以用作动词、动词短语和介词的宾语。Iwarnedheragainstdrivingfast.Jimdislikeseatingchocolate.Wearetalkingaboutgoingshopping.2.有些动词和动词短语后需要直接接作宾语的非谓语动词时只能是v-ing分词（现在分词），常见的这类动词有：admit（承认），acknowledge，advise，appreciate，avoid，delay（延期），deny（拒绝、否认），dislike，enjoy，excuse，escape，fancy（幻想），endure（忍受、承受），finish，forgive，face，involve，giveup，imagine，mention，mind，miss，pardon，practice（练习），require（要求），resent，resist，suggest，recall，resist，understand等。3.作宾语3.大部分“动词+介词”短语动词，只能后接动词-ing作宾语。这些动词短语有：thinkof，giveup，aimat，putoff，insiston，persistin，begoodat，dowellin，can'thelp，keepon，leaveoff，feellike，betired(afraid，capable，fond)of，setabout等。（介词后加的动词形式多为doing）以下为to作介词的短语有：be/getusedto（习惯于），objectto(反对），devoteoneselfto（专注于），stickto（坚持），respondto，lookforwardto，seeto（负责、照顾），submitto（屈服于），adaptto（调整适应），applyto（应用于），accedeto（同意、答应...），getto，prefer...to...，adjustto（调整适应），oweto（由于），reactto（对...做出反应）等。动词不定式用作宾语时，参见P271.Ourteacherdoesn'tpermit____inschool.A.smokingB.smokeC.tosmokeD.tosmoking2.Myparentsdon'tadviseme_____outatmid-nightA.goingB.togoC.goD.togoing3.Theletterhehadlookingforwardto_____thismorning.A.arrivingB.beingarrivedC.arrivedD.arrive4.Johnusedto____uplateinthepast,butnowheisusedto_____upearlyinthemorning.A.get/getsB.gets/gotC.got/gettingD.get/gettingReadandtelltheposition(位置）oftheattributes（定语）.1.Ihavegotarunningnose.2.Look！Lucyisstandingbesidetheswimmingpool.3.Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat？4.Thereisnothinginterestingintoday'snewspaper.Idon'tadvisereadingitatall.4.作定语1.单个分词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之前；Manyfrightenedpeoplerushedoutoftheburningbuilding.2.分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后。例如：Themanstandingbythewindowisourteacher.注意：现在分词ing作定语时，它表示的动作是正在进行或与