加拿大马更些冻土区天然气水合物试生产进展与展望

21520065ADVANCESINEARTHSCIENCEVo.l21No.5May.,2006:1001-8166(2006)05-0513-08*祝有海(中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所,北京100037):马更些(Mackenzie)冻土区位于加拿大西北地区,是世界上最著名的天然气水合物产地之一,也是加拿大最重要的含油气盆地之一在Mallik地区已相继钻探了L-382L-383L-384L-38和5L-38共5个钻孔,并进行了地质地球物理地球化学微生物学和试生产等方面的多学科多方法研究,是目前全球天然气水合物研究程度最高资料最丰富的地区Mallik2002项目开展了天然气水合物的短期试生产,共对6个水合物层位进行了降压法试生产并在其中的4个层位取得了成功,同时利用注入约80的热流体进行了5天多的加热法试生产,共生产出468m3的天然气Mallik2002项目的成功实施是天然气水合物开发利用史上的里程碑,为将来的长期试生产和最终开发利用奠定了基础随着开发利用研究的不断深入,天然气水合物这一规模巨大的潜在能源有可能在不久的将来为人类社会所用:天然气水合物;冻土;试生产;加拿大马更些:TE3:A1引言1810DavyCl2,,,,20102015,2002(Mackenzie)Ma-llik2002,[1],,,,1972MallikL-38,1998Mallik2L-38[2]2002Mallik2002[1],MallikL-38Mallik2L-383L-384L-385L-38,(ICDP)Mallik2002,,2马更些三角洲天然气水合物概况,(Beaufort)*:2005-11-08;:2006-03-27*:(:40473001);;(:200410100001).:(1963-),,,,.E-mai:[e-mail],1962263,52,172.75106m3,254.67109m3,957.2106m3,1.64109m3[3],,2010[4]2070,Bily[5]MallikL-38,,30%[4]1992,92GSCTaglu[6],1998Mallik2L-38,[7][8]Judge[9],,,124727km2,200~1400m(1)1([4][9])Fig.1CalculateddepthofthebaseofthemethanehydratestabilityzoneintheBeaufort-Mackenziebasin,NorthwestTerritories,Canada,()Smith[10]201,60(29.9%),14625(17%),,5535(63%)(1)6082mKugma-llitMackenzieBayIperk(2),2,[7],Davidson(1978)8.81010m3,51421Smith(1995)1.601013m3,Ma-jorowicz(1999)9.31012~2.71013m3[11],Majorowicz[12]2.41012~8.71013m3Collett[13],41.871011m3,,3~4,2()Mallik5L-38()([4])Fig.2StratigraphiccolumnoftheMackenziedelta(left)andgashydratezonesandproductiontestintervalsfromMallik5L-38gashydrateproductionresearchwell(right)3MallikXL-38天然气水合物系列井Mallik(Inuktitut),,MallikXL-38L-382L-383L-384L-385L-385,150m1972MallikL-38(692744N,1343925W),2524m,()(),Dall-imore[7]810~1102m10,3.1~25.4m,111.4m19982~3,,(JNOC),(GSC)(USGS),L-385155:Mallik2L-38,1150m,897~1110m9(MallikL-38),110m,[14],,Mallik2L-38,Mallik2002(GFZ),(USDOE)(MOPNG)(BP-ChervonTexaco)(ICDP)58,6(5)50200[4],:(1),;;;;;(2)(3)(4)(JAPEX)200112252002314Mallik5L-38(1166m)Mallik3L-384L-38(1188m),Mallik2002,,Mallik2002892~1107m110m,ABC(2)A892~930mMackenzieBay,23m,,,50%~85%B942~993mKugmallit,(5~10m)(0.5~1m),,40%~80%C1070~1107mKugmallit,,(1085~1107m),80%~90%Mallik5,,5(?),100m100m5.39107m3[4]4开发试生产Mallik2002,,Mallik2002Schlum-bergerMDTTM(),,,,[15]Mallik5L-38974~1106.5m6,5,(2)MDT-1(1106.0~1106.5m)(),MDT-2(1089.5~1090.0m)(85%),MDT-3(1071.5~1072.0m)(60%),MDT-4(999.0~999.5m),MDT-5(974.0~974.5m)(75%),MDT-6(992.5~993.0m)6,MDT-1MDT-2MDT-3MDT-5MDT-4,MDT,MDT-4,MDT-6[15]MDT,,3(MTD-20.61.23.6),[15]51621,,(3),,3Mallik5L-38MTD-2[15]Fig.3Downhole-pressureandaverage-production-testdataobtainedduringtheMDT-2test,Mallik5L-38gashydrateproductionresearchwel,ltheMackenziedelta,Canada3(0.6~1.21.2~3.03.0~6.6)2()(7.6~8.18.1~8.9)(8.9)Mallik2002Mallik5L-38907~920m13m(2),,70%~80%,1~2m[16](DTS),88.9mm,80(13000~14000kPa)(KCl)42.1mm(4),,,(),[16](5),[16]4Mallik5L-38([4])Fig.4Therma-lproductiontestintervalandschematicdiagramfromMallik5L-38gashydrateproductionresearchwel,ltheMackenziedelta,Canada5175:5Mallik5L-38[16]Fig.5Schematicdiagramofthetherma-ltestprocess,Mallik5L-38gashydrateproductionresearchwel,ltheMackenziedelta,Canada123.65(5),468m3,48m3[16]35100m3,35~55,350m3,,50m3(6)[4]634m3,118m3(),,(1.8m)(4,6)6Mallik5L-38[4]Fig.6Therma-lproductiontestresultsfromMallik5L-38gashydrateproductionresearchwel,ltheMackenziedelta,CanadaMallik5L-38,,,,,,,,Mallk,,[4]5天然气水合物开发利用前景展望,,120,20,BlakeHydrate,Mallik,Ma-llik51821,,,,,,,(),2015,2010,2020,,Grauls[17]2015,2030,Bil[18]20152060Mallik2002,2015,,2030,Mallik5L-38,,,,(References):[1]DallimoreSR,CollettTS,eds.ScientificResultsfromtheMallik2002GasHydrateProductionResearchWellProgram,MackenzieDelta,NorthwestTerritories,Canada[C].GeologicalSurveyofCanada,Bulletin585,2005.[2]DallimoreSR,UchidaT,CollettTS,eds.ScientificResultsfromJAPEX/JNOC/GSCMallik2L-38GasHydrateResearchWel,lMackenzieDelta,NorthwestTerritories,Canada[C].Ge-ologicalSurveyofCanada,Bulletin544,1999.[3]OsadetaKG,MorrellGR,DixonJ,etal.Beaufort-MackenzieBasin:Areviewofconventionalandnonconventional(gashy-drate)petroleumreservesandundiscoveredresources[C]Dall-imoreSR,CollettTS,eds.ScientificResultsfromtheMallik2002GasHydrateProductionResearchWellProgram,MackenzieDelta,NorthwestTerritories,Canada.GeologicalSurveyofCana-da,Bulletin585,2005:1-19.[4]DallimoreSR,CollettTS.SummaryandimplicationoftheMallik2002gashydrateproductionresearchwellprogram[C]Dall-imoreSR,CollettTS,eds.ScientificResultsfromtheMallik2002GasHydrateProductionResearchWellProgram,MackenzieDelta,NorthwestTerritories,Canada.GeologicalSurveyofCana-da,Bulletin585,2005:1-36.[5]BilyC,DickJWL.NaturalgashydrateintheMackenziedelta,NorthwestTerritories[J].CanadianPetroleumGeologyBulletin,1974,22:340-352.[6]DallimoreSR,CollettTS.IntrapermafrostgashydratesfromadeepcoreholeintheMackenziedelta,NorthwestTerritories,Can-ada[J].Geology,1995,23:527-530.[7]DallimoreSR,CollettTS.Regionalgashydrateoccurrences,permafrostconditions,andCenozoicgeology,MackenzieDeltaar-ea[C]DallimoreSR,UchidaT,CollettTS,eds.ScientificResultsfromJAPEX/JNOC/GSCMallik2L-38GasHydrateRe-searchWel,lMackenzieDelta,NorthwestTerritories,Canada.Geo