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2007,19(2):1572162ChineseJournalofAnimalNutrition21132(11,,100094;21(),200001):236,33:(+300mg2/())(+600mg2/())15d,120d,VA150000IU/d,2300600mg/d,3(P0105)3,,222VA(P0105);812,2300mg/d,2(P0101)13,VA150000IU/d2,2,2VA,2,:;2;VA;:2006203204:(30270944)(30125033):,,,,,E2mail:hwj3104@163.com3:,,,E2mail:qxmeng@cau.edu.cnVA,,,VA,22VA2,22,2,,Chew[1]2,,;,2,,2,VAVA,2,VA,211.13:(1);(2)I+300mg2/();(3)II+600mg2/()1.216,6(42d),2,12(6)36,3()(8800kg)(31253175)191()Table1Compositionandnutritionlevelsofdiets(DMbasis,%)IngredientsNutrientsCornsilage13.3DM54Chinesewildrye9.9NEL(MJ/kg)6.38Wholecottonseed6.4A(IU)254000Corngermmeal5.0EE4Alfalfahay8.4CP17Brewer’sgains(wet)5.0DCP11Applemeal3.0NFE48Dairycowconcentration39.3NDF33Highproductioncowconcentration9.7ADF191.3,(8:00)(15:00)(21:00)3,,22,100g,1h,TMR,1.4:3,:102030,,10mL,,DHI,3DHI,2,3DHI;7285684,,10mL-20,2:287,16h,728,7mL,,2500r/min,4,10min,,2VA1.52VA:1mL()20mL,,2mL,,10min,3mL3min,,100L2:Waters2695;:;:Li2chrosurbsi60,5m,250mm410mm;:4%;:017mL/min;:450nm;:10minVA:Waters2695;:;:Nucleosil10025NH2,5m,250mm410mm;:A:4%,B:,A95%,B5%;:1mL/min;:325nm,480nm;:10min1.6:(CMT);:24h;:1.7SAS[2]GLM,2,(L)(Q)22.1232,22,3(P0105),2,,28512:222Table2Effectof2Caroteneonmilkproductionandstandardmilkproductionindairycow(kg)Treatments(2/()2Carotenemg/(cowday))MilkproductionStandardmilkproduction036.034.233.641.432.435.130029.934.238.626.534.137.360030.533.633.830.335.135.33,23(P0105),(P0105),3,(P0105),,5101%,3118%,3192%,410%,3;1,3153%,3125%,2188%;2,2157%,2141%,2124%;2,2135%,2130%,2122%32Table3Effectof2Caroteneonmilkcomponentandsomaticcellcountindairycow(%)ItemsTreatment(2/()2carotenemg/(headday))0300600SEMPPLQ1OnemonthpostpartumFat5.013.183.920.520.070.160.06Protein2.883.533.250.370.470.490.32Lactose4.704.674.610.090.790.510.90DM13.2812.2412.490.590.440.360.381000/MlSomaticcell8061754432290.180.280.132TwomonthspostpartumFat3.674.004.130.370.670.390.83Protein2.242.572.410.200.500.530.32Lactose4.904.824.840.060.620.450.53DM12.1512.3212.550.380.750.460.951000/MlSomaticcell4964253521320.740.700.513ThreemonthspostpartumFat4.383.784.340.230.140.890.05Protein2.222.352.300.220.910.870.70Lactose4.804.864.720.060.250.350.17DM12.4812.0812.240.310.660.580.471000/MlSomaticcell10027594172300.750.450.902.222VA23,44,2,2,2,(P0105)3,,2,,VA2,295119,VA,4,4,(P0105),4,12,12,2,,214,22,18,2,(P0101),2,2422VATable4Effectof2Caroteneonconcentrationsofplasma2CaroteneandvitaminAindairycowduringtheperinatoperiodItemsTreatment(2/()2carotenemg/(headday))0300600SEMPPLQ4Fourweeksbeforecalving22Carotene(g/mL)1.09b2.33a2.64a0.340.020.010.28VA(IU/mL)0.12b0.22a0.16ab0.030.040.350.021Oneweekbeforecalving22Carotene(g/mL)1.03b1.34b2.87a0.420.030.010.27VA(IU/mL)0.200.240.310.090.690.410.9000Weekbeforecalving22Carotene(g/mL)0.780.691.240.320.130.340.07VA(IU/mL)0.060.090.090.110.110.080.191Oneweekaftercalving22Carotene(g/mL)0.90b1.29b2.32a0.290.020.010.40VA(IU/mL)0.130.130.150.910.910.700.884Fourweeksaftercalving22Carotene(g/mL)0.90b1.67a1.86a0.210.020.010.27VA(IU/mL)0.08b0.22a0.21a0.010.0010.0010.02,Valuesinarowwithdifferentsuperscriptslettersmeansignificantdiffenence(P0105),thesameasbelow.522Table5Effectof2Caroteneonconcentrationsofmilk2CaroteneinDairyCow(g/mL)ItemsTreatment(2/()2Carotenemg/(headday))0300600SEMPPLQ1Oneweekaftercalving0.1010.1020.1920.0610.510.320.564Fourweeksaftercalving0.022c0.053b0.067a0.0040.00010.00010.138Eightweeksaftercalving0.004c0.031b0.069a0.0040.00010.00010.2812Twelveweeksaftercalving0.004b0.023a0.036a0.0050.00010.0020.582.326,32,,2,0612:262Table6Effectof2CaroteneonIncidenceofReproductionDiseaseinDairyCow(%)Treatments(2/()2Carotenemg/(cowday))RetentionofplacentaHysteritisMastitis025100501004116730016.6741.6725.006008.3333.3333.3332,2,[325]2,3,2,,2,[628],[4,11,13]Oldham[3],,VA2,,VA2(P0105),,(P0105),,4,22VA[7210]Oldham[3],50000IU/dVA,300mg/d2VA,14,VA,6,VA;300mg/d2,,22,;14,2[3]VA2,VA22,,2,2,,,,2,[4,11]Paape[12],2,,--,2,2,300mg2/d,4,150000IUVA/d,2300mg/d600mg/d,,232,2VA,42,812,2300mg/d,2150000IUVA/d,2,,,:[1]ChewBP.Roleofcarotenoidsintheimmunere2sponse.JournalofDairyScience,1993,6:2804-2811.[2]SAS.SASSystemforWindows,Release6.12,SASInstitute.Inc.,Cary,N.C.1996.[3]OldhamER,EberhartRJ,MullerLD.Effectsof16119supplementalvitaminAor2caroteneduringthedryperiodandearlylactationonudderhealth.JournalofDairyScience.1991,74:3755-3781.[4]MichalJJ,HeirmanLR,WongTS,ChewBP.Modulatoryeffectsofdietary2caroteneonbloodandmammaryleukocytefunctioninperiparturientdairycows.JournalofDairyScience,1994,77:1408-1421.[5]ArechigaCF,StaplesCR,McDowellLR,HansenPJ.Effectsoftimedinseminationandsupplemental2caroteneonreproductionandmilkyieldofdairycowsunderheatstress.JournalofDairyScience,1998,81:390-402.[6]RakesAH,OwensMP,BrittJH,WhitlowLW.Effectsofaddingbeta2carotenetorationsoflacta2tingcowsconsumingdifferentforages.JournalofDairyScience,1985,68:1732-1737.[7]ChewBP,HollenLL,HillersJK,HerlugsonML.RelationshipbetweenvitaminAand2caroteneinbloodplasmaandmilkandmastitisinHolsteins.JournalofDairyScience,1982,65:2111.[8]ChewBP,JohnstonLA.Effectsofsupple