提分快找凹凸到凤凰VIP1对1,精品小班1定语从句定语从句(AttributiveClauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词(Antecedent)。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出1.定义定语从句,就是用来修饰名词或代词的句子,起到定语的作用,所以叫做定语从句。被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况,它需要放在被修饰的词(即先行词)之后。定语从句一般由关系代词来引导。关系代词必须放在定语从句之首。2.从句结构:包括先行词,关系词和定语。3.关系词(1)关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose,as(在定语中作主语,宾语,定语,表语)------在句中作成分,说明后面的句子不完整。(2)关系副词:when,where,why,(在句中作状语)-----后面的句子完整。一.由that,who,whom作关系代词引导的定语从句,先行词指人。1.Doyouknowthecomeradespokeatthemeetingyesterday?(两者都修饰前面的comerade).2.Thisistheman(theysay)isagoodteacher.(这里who还做了后面theysay的宾语,有双重身份,所以不能用that.)3.ThisistheteacherImetinthestreetjustnow.(作宾语,所以可以省略)。4.Mycousin,isanengineer,wenttoAmericalastweek.(非限定性定语从句,不能用that引导。)5.先行词是he,they,those,one,ones,anyone,只能用who,不能用that.Anyonebreaksthelawwillbepunished.Oneworkshardandwithoutcomplainiswelcomehere.6.关系代词指人的先行词(先行词指人)存在于therebe结构中用who。Eg.Thereissomeoneiswaitingforyouatschoolgate.7.先行词指人,关系代词在从句中做宾语时可以省略。Eg.ThisistheteacherImetinthestreetjustnow.8.先行词指人,介词后紧随关系代词不能省略关系代词且必须用宾格,(关系代词在此时做提分快找凹凸到凤凰VIP1对1,精品小班2宾语)。Eg.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersontoshecouldturnforhelp.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersonshecouldturntoforhelp.9.在非限定性定语从句中,先行词指人,关系代词作宾语,只能用whom,不能用that.Eg.Heisamanwithrichexperience,wecanlearnalotfrom.10.在who引导的定语从句中(先行词指人),后只能用that引导的宾语从句作主语。Eg.Whoistheboyisshoutingintheclassroom.11.先行词指人,在定语从句中作表语时,用that.Eg.LiHongisnolongerthegirlshewasbefore.12.先行词又指人又指物,在定语从句中只用that.Eg.Watchthewomanandherdogarecrossingthestreet.13.先行词指人,被theonly,thevery等最高级或序数词修饰时,做宾语用that.Eg.HewastheonlypersonIhadinvited.14.为了平衡句子结构,有时要省略that或who(或都省略)。Eg.Themanshelikesistheoneisbothhonestandbrave.二.先行词指物,关系代词that与which的区别。1.一般情况可以互换Eg.Themachinecanflyisplane.2.介词+关系代词,不能用that,且不能省略which.Eg.Thisisthebookinshecouldmuchinterest.Thisisthebookshecouldmuchinterestin.3.非限定性定语从句中不能用that,且不能省略which.Eg.Iwillbuyabook,tellsabouttheuseofEnglishidoms.4.先行词是that,作宾语时用which,也可省略。Eg.Whatwasthatyousaidabouthim.5.先行词是all,everything,anything,nothing,much,little,few等不定代词时,关系代词用that.Eg.Everythingcanbedonehasbeendone.6.先行词被all,any,every,much,little,no,only,very修饰时,用that.Eg.Askanyquestionyoudon’tunderstand.7.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,关系代词常用that.提分快找凹凸到凤凰VIP1对1,精品小班3Eg.ThefirstlessonIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.8.由which引导的特殊疑问句中,含定语从句,先行词指物时,关系代词用that来避免重复。Eg.Whichofthecowsyoukeepproducesmoremilk?9.先行词指物,在定语从句中作表语,只用that.Eg.Ourhometownisnolongertheoneitusedtobe.10.先行词指物,且在therebe句型中,只用that.Eg.Thereisaseatintheconerisstillfree.11.如果指的是相同的一个东西(同一个)用that,而不用as,如表示相同,但不是同一个就要用as.Eg.IhavefoundmymissingbookandthisisthesameoneIlostyesterday.12.一个句中如果含有两个定语从句,先行词指物,第一个用which,第二个用that,第一个用that,第二个就要用which。三.关系代词which和as的区别1.都可以用来引导非限定性定语从句,可表示某一物的名词,也可代指整个事物。2.(1)which可做介词的宾语,而as不可以。(2.)which引导的非限定性定语从句一般在主语之后,as可前可后可中间,位置灵活。(3)as引导的非限定性定语从句有较为密切的上下关系。(4)as本身含有“正如......”之意,一般情况下放在句首。3.先行词是某个具体的名词,且所指的名词在非限定性定语从句中又做了主语的时候,只用which而不用as.Eg.IlikeEnglishverymuch,isabridgetosomuchknowledge.4.关系代词指代前面整个内容,并且在非限定性定语从句中作主语或宾语时,用which而不用as。Eg.Lighttravelsfasterthansound,allteachersoncetoldus.5.固定结构:as引导的非限定性定语从句用于下列句型(句式)中。Eg.asisknowntousall/asweallknow/aswecansee/asissaid/asisreported/asisexpected/asisannounced/ashashappened/aswehoped可用在句首,句中,句尾;在句中作插入语(正如......)四.关系代词whoseWhose不单用,表示所属关系,即可指人也可指物,一般情况下可和ofwhich互换,但有时提分快找凹凸到凤凰VIP1对1,精品小班4不能。1.ThedesklegsTombrokeyesterdayhasbeenrepaired.2.先行词表示整体与部分的关系时(定语从句的主语),如little,some,most,mainly,few,much等时不能用whose来连接,只能用ofwhich或ofwhom来连接。Eg.Jonnboughtmemuchbread,littleoftastesgood.Thoseforeignteachers,mosthadneverbeentoChinabefore,areenjoyingtheirworkhere.3.定语从句的主语是同位关系的代词(与先行词是同位关系)如all,none,neither,each,either的时候用ofwhom或ofwhich,不用whose.Eg.Hegavememanybooks,nonewasinteresting.4.定语从句的主语是数词时,用ofwhom或ofwhich,不用whose。Eg.Myfatherhasmanybooks,sevenpercentarewritteninEnglish.五.关系代词as(可用作主语或宾语)1.正如:asis...to...2.Thesame+n+as...Eg.Ihavethesamedictionaryasyouboughtyesterday.3.such+n+as...像这样......像那样......六.关系副词(后面句中完整,做宾语的从句,都考虑用关系副词,具体选择哪一个要根据意思来看).1.IwillneverforgetthesedaysIlivedwiththefarmersinthecounterside.IwillneverforgetthesedaysIspentwiththefarmersinthecountryside.2.Thisisthefarmmyfatherusedtowork.Thisisthefarmmyfatherusedtovisit.3.Thisisthereasonhewaslate.Thisisthereasonheexplainedatthemeeting.4.IwillneverforgetthedayIjoinedtheParty.5....theway(定语从句)6.先行词是point,scene,case,situation,mark等时,首先考虑关系副词where,再看从句中是否有宾语,如没有就用that或which。Eg.Idon’tlikethewayhespokestome.