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Daisy•辅音的定义：•不论声带振动与否，发音时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定的阻碍，这样形成的语音称为辅音。•发音时声带不振动的辅音称为清辅音。•发音声带振动的辅音称为浊辅音。____________________________________________________________________________________音标的家简写正规[]1.音标必须写在括号里，常用的音标括号有斜头和平头两种，其上端不顶第一线，大致与大写字母相齐，下端在第三格的中2.下面几个音标是最容易写错的，一定要注意：[ai]和[au]不要写成[ai]和[au]，[a:]不要写成[a:]。3.音标没有书写体，也没有大小写，因此书写时必须和印刷体一样，直上直下，没有斜度，其书写规格如下所列。Iз:eɒII辅音（48个）爆破音：[p][b][t][d][k][g]摩擦音：[f][v][s][z][θ][ð][∫][ʒ][h][r]破擦音：[tr][dr][ts][dz][t∫][dʒ]鼻辅音：[m][n][ŋ]舌侧音：[l]1）出现在元音之前叫作清晰舌边音2）出现在辅音及单词末尾时叫作模糊舌边音半元音：[w][j]擦音中气流较弱，摩擦较小，介于元音跟辅音之间的音•••$$爆破音指发音器官在口腔中形成阻碍,然后气流冲破阻碍而发出的音。爆破音[p][b][t][d][k][g]________________________________________________________________________________________________[p]:pppp:pianopandaparrotpetshipsheeppigstoppp:applehappy________________________[b]:bbbb:bookballbirdbigboybagbananabb:rubberrabbitcabbage________________________________________________________________________________________________[t]:tttt:tableteataxicatratfattickettt:buttermatter________________________[d]：dedd:duckseeddoordeskdayredheadbedreadcolded:smiledopenedplayed________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________[k][g]辅音[k]：ckckc:capcookcupcarcanclassk:cookmilkkeydeskkitecakeck:clocksockcockneck•[g]：ggg•g:glassgolfgetgirlbag•goatflag•gg:egg$[bi:][pi:t][ti:p][dIk][kIt][In][gIt][bα:][bΛt]$$磨擦音指由发音器官造成的缝隙是气流产生摩擦而发出的声音。摩擦音[f][v][θ][ð]________________________________________________________________________[f][v]辅音清辅音浊辅音[fɔ:ks][faIv][f][v]['fIks]['fIŋgә][bri:f][frend]['ɒfә]['vIktә]['vɔIs]['æktIv]['verI][faIv][f]:fffphghf:fivefanflowerfishfourleafff:giraffeph:phoneelephantphotogh:laugh•[v]:vve•v:videovasevestviolin•ve:fivelove________________________________________________________________________[][ð]辅音清辅音浊辅音θ[tu:θ]['brΛðә][bα:θ][breθ][tu:θ]['θæŋk][θi:f][ðeI]['brΛðә][ðæt][ðIs]['weðә][θ][ð][θIŋk][ðΛs][θ]:thth:threethinthirdteethmouth•[ð]:th•th:fathermotherbrotherclothes•weather摩擦音[s][z][∫][ʒ]________________________________________________________________________[s][z]辅音清辅音浊辅音$[bΛs]$[zebrә][bΛs][s][z][sɒrI][si：][bɒs][sneIl][zIp][pli:z][si:z][zu:][kɔ:z]•[s]:scssce•s:starsunsnakeseasee•c:pencilcitycedarceilingcelebrate•ss:grassglassclassboss•ce:faceracericenice[z]:zssez:zerozebrazoos:bagsphotossistersse:noserose辅音音标[∫][ʒ][t∫][dʒ]练习________________________________________________________________________辅音清辅音浊辅音[][ʒ]∫[fI∫]['telIvIʒәn][∫i:][∫][ʒ]['∫Ift][∫ɒk][∫ʊd][∫ɒp]['meʒә]['vIʒәn]['si:ʒә]['pleʒә]['leʒә][∫]:sshs:sugarsuresh:shipsheepwashcashshopshetonguetwister英文绕口令•Shesellsseashellsontheseashore,andtheshellsshesellsareseashells,Iamsure.Ifshesellsshellsattheseashore,theshellsshesellsareseashells,forsure.•她在海岸上卖海贝壳，我确信她卖的贝壳是海贝壳。如果她在海岸上卖贝壳，那么可以肯定她卖的贝壳就是海贝壳。•[ʒ]:s•s:television,usually,measuredecision;•mypleasure摩擦音[h][r]________________________________________________________________________辅音清辅音浊辅音[h][r][hɔ:s][ræt][h][r][ræt][hɔ:s]['help][rIsk][hЗ:][red][hæv]['ri:zn][hα:d][ru:m][heIt][grα:s][h]:hwhh:heherheadhearthairhamwh:whowhose•[r]:rrrwr•r:riceclassroomrideroadrose•rr:mirrorcarrotparrot•wr:writewrongwrap$$破擦音指由一个爆破音和一个磨擦音组成。发音时舌尖抵住上齿龈成发[t]、[d]的姿势，形成气流的完全阻碍。随后让气流冲破这种阻碍轻微爆破后立即发出第二个摩擦音，即先爆破后摩擦，两音密合，发成一个音[t∫][dʒ][tr][dr][ts][dz][t∫][dʒ][tr][dr][ts][dz]________________________________________________________________________破擦音[t∫][dʒ][t∫ikin][dʒi:p][t∫][dʒ]change[t∫eIndʒ]cheer[t∫Iә]age[eIdʒ]chance[t∫α:ns]job[dʒΛdʒ]joke[dʒәʊk]cheap[t∫i:p]judge[dʒɒb]charming['t∫α:miŋ]orange['ɒrIndʒ]•[t∫]:chtch•ch:teacherpeachcherrychair•tch:watchmatch[dʒ]:gjdgeg:gingergiraffej:jumpjobjamge:orangecabbagecage________________________________________________________________________破擦音[ts][dz]['peәrәnts][frendz][ts][dz]dates[ræts]rats[deIts]heads[hedz]shots[∫ɒts]seeds[ri:dz]funds[fΛndz]meetsreads[si:dz]flights[hЗ:ts]hurts[flaIts]fields[fi:ldz]brands[brændz][ts]:tstests:seatsgoatscoatscatspetseatstes:gateskitesdatestastes•[dz]:dsdes•ds:seedswoodsfriendsbirdsbeds•des:rides________________________________________________________________________破擦音[tr][dr][tri:]['drægәn][tr][dr]troop[tru:p]trip[trIp]drag[dræg]dress[dri:m]dry[draI]trickdream[dres]trade[tru:]true[treId]drift[drIft]draw[drɔ:]•[tr]:tr•tr:treetrucktrouserstrickstrawberry•[dr]:dr•dr:drawdrinkdriverdragondry[t∫][dʒ][tr][dr][ts][dz]$$鼻音[m]闭嘴[n]微张嘴，紧闭牙齿[ŋ]张嘴[mΛm][mΛst][mæn]['mα:stә][hΛnt][kΛm][kæn][kiŋ][siŋ][piŋk][sɒŋ][lɒŋ][ænt]['kæmәl]['mΛŋkI][hænd][nΛnbә][nekst]•[m]:mmb•m:mouthmousemilkmonkeymoonmoneymumsamesome•mb:climbcombthumb[n]:nkngn•n:nosenutbanananoodlesraintrainplanedown•kn:kneeknifeknock•gn:sign[kiŋ][ŋ]:nng•n:inkbanktankfinger•ng:singhangsongkingreadingrunning$$半元音（浊辅音）半元音[w][j]半元音-辅音[w][j][w]发这个音的字母和字母组合wwh•w:winterwindowwatchwaterwellwould•wh:whitewherewhichwhenwhywheelwhale[weIl][jelәʊ][w][j]witness[weIv]wave['weItnIs]yes[jes]white[waIt]yard['jelәʊ]you[ju:]wiseyellow[jα:d]waste[swIm]swim[weIst]yawn[jɔ:n]young[jΛnŋ][j]发这个音的字母和