年产20万吨过磷酸钙生产工艺设计

·目录摘要....................................................................................................................41.前言...............................................61.1设计依据......................................61.2研究现状及发展趋势............................61.2.1国内过磷酸钙生产及研究现状...................61.2.2国外过磷酸钙的发展状况.......................71.2.3过磷酸钙的发展前景..........................71.3设计范围......................................72.设计原则...........................................72.1工艺路线的选择................................72.1.1生产路线选择.................................72.1.2加工方法选择................................82.2生产过程中的主要方程..........................83.产品方案...........................................93.1产品..........................................93.2产品检测.....................................103.3副产品.......................................104.生产工艺..........................................114.1化学反应.....................................114.1.1主反应......................................114.1.2副反应......................................114.2反应机理与反应速度...........................124.3生产工艺流程图...............................134.4生产流程简介.................................134.4.1原料准备....................................134.4.2混合化成....................................144.4.3熟化中和....................................14·4.4.4含氟气体的吸收处理..........................154.4.5造粒与干燥..................................164.5工艺条件.....................................164.5.1磷矿的选择.................................164.5.2磷矿粉细度与水分............................164.5.3硫酸物性....................................164.5.4混合搅拌条件................................164.5.5化成条件....................................174.5.6熟化中和条件................................174.5.7造粒干燥条件................................175.工艺计算..........................................175.1物料衡算.....................................175.1.1基础数据....................................175.1.2磷矿的组成..................................185.1.3混合熟化第一阶段反应........................195.1.4混合熟化第二阶段反应........................215.1.5混合熟化中的磷平衡、氟平衡、水平衡..........235.1.6熟化过磷酸钙的物料平衡......................275.1.7中和过程物料衡算............................285.1.8造粒与干燥过程物料衡算......................295.1.9总物料衡算..................................315.2热量衡算.....................................325.2.1混化熟化过程的热量衡算......................325.2.2造粒过程的热量衡算..........................365.2.3干燥过程的热量衡算..........................375.3原料消耗.....................................385.3.1投矿量......................................38·5.3.2硫酸消耗....................................385.3.3空气消耗....................................396．设备选型.........................................396.1所需设备列表.................................396.2设备的选择...................................406.2.1输送设备....................................406.2.2计量设备....................................406.2.3其他设备....................................416.3吸收塔设备图（见附录）.......................427环境保护与技术评价................................427.1生产中的安全防护措施.........................42过磷酸钙.........................................42硫酸.............................................427.2三废处理.....................................437.3经济评估.....................................438总结...............................................448.1设计结果概要.................................448.2设计评价.....................................44参考文献............................................45致谢................................................46·年产20万吨过磷酸钙生产工艺毕业设计摘要：过磷酸钙又称普钙，属于水溶性磷肥，是用硫酸直接分解磷矿得到的，由于具有生产工艺简单，生产操作易于掌握，生产设备容易制造，投资较省，施用后见效快，增产显著等特点，使其在各种磷肥新品种不断涌现的情况下产销量仍然持高不下。本设计采用干法来生产过磷酸钙，主要是原料矿与硫酸在混合机内进行混合，进入化成室后再经过熟化、中和及造粒干燥后得到成品过磷酸钙。通过物料衡算、热量衡算以及设备选型设计出能符合国家标准的产品的工艺流程。此工艺路线适用于大多数品位较低的磷矿，而其生产工艺成熟，消耗低，质量稳定的优点也是本设计选用该方法的原因。关键词：过磷酸钙；磷肥；干法；工艺Withanannualoutputof200thousandtonscalciumsuperphosphateproductionprocessdesignAbstract:calciumsuperphosphate(SSP)isacontainingphosphoruschemicalfertilizerswhichwasmadeofphosphaterockandsulfuricacidfromthechemicalreactionsbecauseoftheproductionprocess,andoperationsimpleiseasytomaster,productionequipmenteasytomake,investsave.Itwillbecomeeffectivequicklyafterused,Increasenotableandsooncharacteristics,sothatUnderthesituationthatthenewvariousphosphatefertilizerbreedspringsupunceasingly，productionandsalesremainedstubbornlyhigh.Thisdesignusesadryprocesstoproducesuperphosphate,therawmaterialoreandsulfuricacidcarryoutcommixturewithinblendingmachine,andthenenterChemicalchamberandcuringandafterdryingandgranulationtogetfinishedsuperphosphate.Throughmaterialaccounting、quantityofheataccountingandequipmentchoosesatypetodesignsadesignwhichconformtothenationalstandardsproduct。Thisprocesslineissuitableformostofthelowergradephosphaterock,anditsproductionprocessismature,lowconsumption,qualityandstabilityofthe·advantagesofthedesignselectionofthereasonsforthismethod.Keywords:calciumsuperphosphate；phosphatefertilizer；dryprocess；process·1.前言1.1设计依据1.课题任务书：年产20万吨过磷酸钙生产工艺的设计2.《磷肥生产管理相关规范》及《化工工艺设计标准手册》1.2研究现状及发展趋势1.2.1国内过磷酸钙生产及研究现状中国从50年代开始发展普钙。经过近50年的发展，现在全国已有普钙厂400多个，达到或大于20万吨/年的厂有20多家