名词性从句用法详解

1名词性从句用法一、概念名词性从句，即指____________________的从句，它包括__________、__________、__________和__________。从高考的考查的实际情况来看，名词性从句考得最多的是宾语从句，其次是主语从句，再次是表语从句，而同位语从句则很少考查。二、名词性从句的一般引导词1.连接词______只起______作用，及____________，也不____________，在______中可______，但引导其他名词性从句时通常______。如：Ihope______youenjoyyourholiday.______helikesyouisveryobvious.2.连接词______也不充当句子成分，但有自己的意思，表示“是否”；引导____________时，可换成______，但引导其他名词性从句时不能换成if。Heasked____________Iwouldshowhimtheway.______itwilldousharmremainstobeseen.3.连接代词who(m),whose,which,what等，均有各自的意义，在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。如：That’s______shewantedtoleave.______wearrivedoesn'tmatter.Tellme______oneyoulikebest.4.连接副词when,where,why,how等，也各自有自己的意义，在从句中作状语。如：Thequestionis______weshouldcarryouttheplan.______she’llbebackdependsmuchontheweather.______hediditwillremainapuzzleforever.三、名词性从句的重要引导词1.______可引导______从句、______从句和______从句，但不用于引导______从句。它引导的名词性从句有两个意思是：一是表示“什么”，带有疑问意味；2二是表示“…所…的”，相当于一个先行词后接一个关系代词。Idon’tknow______youwant.Idon’tknow______youwantisthis.2.what引导名词性从句时可用作限定词，其后修饰名词。IgavehimwhatbooksIhad.注：what后的名词可以是复数名词或不可数名词，但通常不能是单数可数名词，并且后接不可数名词时，有时可有little修饰，两者的区别是：what+不可数名词=所有的都，whatlittle+不可数名词=虽少但全部。如：Whatfriendsshehasareoutofthecountry.Wegavehimwhat(little)helpwecould.What用法归纳1.表示“……的东西或事情”：They’vedonewhattheycantohelpher.Hesaveswhatheearns.。WhatMaryisisthesecretary.2.表示“……的人或的样子”：Heisnolongerwhathewas.Heiswhatisgenerallycalledatraitor.WhoisitthathasmadeFredwhatheisnow?3.表示“……的数量或数目”：Ourincomeisnowdoublewhatitwastenyearsago.Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolistentimeswhatitwasbeforeliberation.4.表示“……的时间”：Afterwhatseemedlikehourshecameoutwithabittersmile.Theyounggirlwastoofrightenedtospeak,standingthereforwhatseemedlikehours.5.表示“……的地方”：ThisiswhattheycallSaltLakeCity.In1492,ColumbusreachedwhatisnowcalledAmerica.3that与what引导名词性从句的区别that引导名词性从句只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，无意义，在宾语从句通常省略，但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中均不能省略；what除引导从句外，还在从句中作成分，意为“所……的(东西)”，在含义上等于“名词+that”。如：1.______shelacksexperienceisobvious.2.Thepolicelearned______hewasn’tthereatthattime.3.Herealized______shetoowasexhausted.4.Myideais______youshouldn’thaveleftthecountry.5.Bobhasthemistakenidea______tomorrowisaholiday.6.Itwasquiteplain______hedidn’twanttocome.7.Itisnatural______theyshouldhavedifferentviews.8.______(=Thethingthat)hesaidwastrue.9.______hehadhopedatlastcametrue.10.______hesaidisbeneathcontempt.11.______hesaysistrue,possibly.12.______shesawgaveherafright.13.______Iwanttosayisthis.14.I’msorryfor______Isaid.15.That’s______Iwanttoknow.16.Youhadbetterhear______Ihavetosay.17.Imanagedtoget______Iwanted.18.Itwas______hemeantratherthan______hesaid.19.There’ssomethingin______hesays.420.Herinterestwasrousedby______hesaid.21.Hewasalwaysconsciousofthefact______shedidnotapproveof______hewasdoing.注：that可引导同位语从句，what不能whatever,whoever,whichever引导名词性从句1.whatever引导的名词性从句Whatever的意思是“所…的一切事或东西”，可视为what的强调说法，其含义大致相当于anythingthat，whatever在从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语：Whateverhedidwasright.Givethemwhatevertheydesire.Iwilljustsaywhatevercomesintomymind.Goatseatwhatever(food)theycanfind.I’mgoingtolearnwhatevermytutorwishes.Hedoeswhateversheaskshimtodo.Talktomeaboutwhateveristroublingyou.Oneshouldsticktowhateveronehasbegun.Shewouldtellhimwhatevernewsshegot.Youcanhavewhateverallowanceyoulike.2.whoever引导的名词性从句whoever的意思“任何…的人”，在意义上大致相当于anybodywho。whoever在从句中可用作主语或宾语：I’lltakewhoeverwantstogo.Shecanmarrywhoevershechooses.5Whoeverwantsthebookmayhaveit.Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.Whoeveryouinvitewillbewelcome.Whoeverbreaksthislawdeservesafine.I’llgivethetickettowhoeverwantsit.【注意】(1)whoever既用作主格也用作宾语(作宾语时不宜用whomever，因为在现代英语中whomever已几乎不用)。(2)注意以下受汉语意思影响而弄错的句子：误：Whowinscangetaprize./Anyonewinscangetaprize.正：Whoeverwinscangetaprize./Anyonewhowinscanaprize.谁赢了都可以获奖。whatever与nomatterwhatItisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild__________herorshewants.A.whateverB.nomatterwhatC.wheneverD.nomatterwhennomatterwhat只能引导__________，而不引导__________。而whatever既可引导__________(＝anythingthat)，也可引导__________(＝nomatterwhat)：1.引导名词性从句只用whatever：无论他做什么都是对的。：Whateverhedidwasright.：Nomatterwhathedidwasright.无论他说什么似乎都有道理。：Whateverhesayssoundsreasonable.：Nomatterwhathesayssoundsreasonable.山羊找到什么就吃什么。：Goatseatwhatevertheyfind.：Goatseatnomatterwhattheyfind.62.引导状语从句两者可换用：无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。：Whateveryousay，Iwon’tbelieveyou.：Nomatterwhatyousay，Iwon’tbelieveyou.无论发生什么，都要保持镇定。：Keepcalm，whateverhappens.：Keepcalm，nomatterwhathappens.whether和if引导名词性从句的区别两者均可用于____________________，表示“是否”，常可互换。但在其他情况下表示“是否”时，通常只用whether而不用if。如：引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、让步状语从句、与or连用分别引导两个分句等，或用于不定式前、用于介词后、直接与ornot连用等等。Askhimwhether[if]hecancome.Thequestioniswhetherhecandoit.Answermyquestionwhetheryoucanhelphim.Itdependsonwhethertheletterarrivesintime.注：在某些动词后(如discuss等)通常只用whether。Wediscussedwhetherweshouldholdameeting.