李曼通过后备母猪的管理达到最佳生产成绩（PDF39页）

MANAGINGGILTSFOROPTIMALPERFORMANCE管好后备猪达到最佳生产性能LemanChinaSwineConference李曼中国养猪大会October18th,2016JenniferPatterson&GeorgeFoxcroftUniversityofAlberta,Edmonton,AlbertaOutline提纲1.Introductionandbackground前言和背景2.Keyconsiderationsforimprovedbreedingherdperformance提高繁殖群成绩的关键点•Selectionofgiltswithgreatestreproductivepotential挑选最大繁殖潜能的后备母猪•Consistentsupplyofhighqualitybreeding-eligible“select”gilts持续供给高品质符合配种要求”挑选”过的后备猪•Appropriatemanagementforbodystateatbreeding在配种时达到合适体况的相应管理措施3.Conclusions结论Intheindustrytoday……在当今养猪业…Sowperformancehasimprovedoverlastfewyears,2-3morepigs/sow/year(Pigchampbenchmarking)在过去几年里母猪生产成绩已经得到提高，PSY增加2-3头Mostoftheimprovementhasbeeninlittersizeandfarrowingrate(Pigchampbenchmarking)改进主要体现在窝产仔数和分娩率•Geneticimprovement遗传改良•Improvedproductionpractices生产实践方面的改进•Implementationofgiltmanagementprograms后备母猪管理方案的实施Inrecentyears,focushasbeenonachievingoptimalperformancethroughimprovingSowLifetimeProductivity(SLP)近年来,关注通过改进母猪终身生产力（SLP）实现最佳生产性能(Spörke,2007;)SowLifetimeProductivity母猪终身生产力“Thetotalnumberofqualitypigsweanedduringtheproductivelifetimeofafemale;fromthetimeshebecomesbreedingeligibleuntilsheleavestheherd”“1头母猪在群期间生产的合格断奶仔猪总数；从配种合格后开始直到她离群为止”NationalPorkBoard,2010Limitingfactorsforsowlifetimeproductivity:母猪终身生产力的限制因素：Retentionrate:在群保留率•Thegreatestsourceofvariationistheearlyremovalofyoungsowsfromtheherd.变动最大的来源是早期离群的年轻母猪(Luciaetal.,2000,Engblometal.,2007,Culbertson,2008,Hughesetal.,2010)•10%neverfarrowalitter10%从未分娩过1胎•15-20%sowsonlyproduceonelitter15-20%母猪只生过1胎•40-50%ofsowsculledbefore3rdparity40-50%母猪在3胎前被淘汰•Oncebreedingfemalesfarrowtheirsecondparityretentionrateissimilar.一旦配上的后备母猪分娩，它们第2胎在群保留率是类似的(Culbertson,2008)(Spörke,2007)Limitingfactorsforsowlifetimeproductivity:母猪终身生产力的限制因素：Reproductivefailure:繁殖失败•~40-65%ofcullscanbeattributedtoreproductivedisordersorfailure(Engblom2008;Hughes2008)40-65%淘汰是因为繁殖紊乱或障碍•42%offemalesculledforreproductivereasonsaregilts母猪繁殖原因被淘汰，其中后备猪占42%Atleast3littersrequiredbeforethereispositivecashflowtoaproducer(Luciaetal.2000;Stalderetal.,2003)养猪生产者要想保持正现金流，后备猪至少需要分娩3胎Greatestopportunityforimprovement改进的最大机会GiltEntry→2ndFarrowing(Culbertson,2008)后备猪入群→第2次分娩Keyconsiderationsforoptimalperformance:最佳生产性能的关键因素：1.Selectionofgiltswithgreatestreproductivepotential选择最大繁殖潜能的后备猪2.Consistentsupplyofhighqualitybreeding-eligible“select”gilts持续供应高品质符合配种要求”挑选”过的后备猪3.Appropriatemanagementforbodystateatbreeding在配种时达到合适体况的相应管理SELECTIONOFGILTSWITHTHEGREATESTREPRODUCTIVEPOTENTIAL选择最大繁殖潜能的后备猪Responsetoboarstimulationisaneffectivemethodtoidentifymoreproductivegilts对公猪刺激的反应是鉴别更高产后备母猪的一种有效方法LimitthetimefromthestartofgiltstimulationtoarecordednaturallyinducedHNS从后备母猪诱情开始，到有自然诱导发情未配种(HNS)的记录,要限定这段时间Identifyearlymaturinggilts识别早熟后备母猪TakeadvantageofthelinkbetweenearlysexualmaturityandimprovedSLP利用性早熟和改进母猪终身生产力（SLP）之间关联的优势Pattersonetal.,2016Distributionofageatpuberty初情期日龄分布Vallet2015EarlyMidLateSelect挑选Giltsthatarenaturallycyclicwithin30daysafterboarexposureshouldbeconsidered“Select”gilts.后备母猪与公猪接触后30天内自然发情，这种母猪被认为是”挑选”过的后备猪Non-Select未挑选Additional“opportunity”giltscouldentertheherdifbreedingtargetscannotbemetfromtheSelectpool.如果挑选的群体不能满足配种目标，额外的“机会”后备猪可进入群体早期中期后期初情期日龄ReproductivePotential–SelectvsNon-Select繁殖潜力-挑选和不挑选对比Measurement测量指标SELECT挑选NON-SELECT不挑选150-180180+Bred(%)配种率9573Lifetimetotalbornto3rdparity终身分娩至第3胎产总仔25.422.8Lifetimebornaliveto3rdparity终身分娩至第3胎产活仔23.621.4Retentionat3rdparityfarrowing第3胎分娩还在群57.847.4Parityatculling淘汰胎龄1.61.222%2.62.210.40.4Patterson,etal.,2010Reproductivepotential“select”vs“non-select”“挑选”与“未挑选”后备猪的繁殖潜力对比Reproductivecharacteristic繁殖特征Result结果Reference参考文献Earlyvslateageat1stestrus首次发情日龄早或推后Inseminatedearlier&reducedNPD越早授精及减少非生产天数Roongsitthichaietal.,2013Delayedvsearlyageat1stestrus首次发情时间推后或早Culledduetoreproductiveproblems由于繁殖问题被淘汰Roongsitthichaietal.,2013Lowvshighageatmating配种时日龄低和高Higherfarrowingrate,morepigsbornalive&longerreproductivelife更高配种分娩率，更多活仔和更长繁殖周期Koketsuetal.,1999;Schukkenetal.,1994;Saitoetal..2011KanekoandKoketsu,2012Matedearliervsolder早配和老配Culledlaterandwereolderatremoval淘汰配得晚淘汰老龄后备Saitoetal.,2011Datasuggestthe“Select”giltsaremostfertileovertheirproductivelifetime.数据表明”挑选”过的后备猪在她们的生产周期中最高产的Giltswithsuperiorreproductiveperformanceshouldexpresspubertybefore210daysofage高产性能的后备猪在210日龄前应该有初期情表现CONSISTENTSUPPLYOFBREEDINGELIGIBLE“SELECT”GILTS持续供给符合配种要求”挑选”过的后备猪THE“GDU”后备母猪培育区(GDU)(GILTDEVELOPMENTUNIT)Pre-Select1预选1Confirmation确认14+teats乳头Noruptures无脱肛Nohernias无疝气Growth生长性能Litteroforigin窝源Nursery保育SelectablePool供选猪源Non-SelectGilts–WillnotenterGDU,Marketfemales没挑选后母-不进入GDU，商品母猪Wean:BreedRatio1.5:1断奶：配种=1.5:1FinalSelect终选~160-190d-125%ofreq’senter按需要量的125%进入-Directboarcontact公猪直接接触-80%estrusin28d28天80%发情+5-10%Non-Selects增加5-10%没挑选后备猪GDU后备母猪培育区Pre-Select2预选2~140dConfirmation确认14+teats乳头Noruptures无脱肛Nohernias无疝气0.6kg/day生长速度Litteroforigin窝源BreedGroupMmgt100%breedtargetsmet100%满足配种目标：80%SelectGilts挑选后备5-10%Non-SelectGilts5-10%未挑选100%bredattargetweight100%达到配种时体重100%bredat2nd–3rdestrus100%