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语态：表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。如：ManystudentsstudyEnglish.(主动语态)Englishisstudiedbymanystudents.(被动语态)语态Suchbooksarewrittenforchildren.这些书是为儿童写的。被动语态的用法（1）当不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时It’ssaid/reported/+that…据说/据报道It’sreportedthatitwillraintomorrow.据报道，明天会下雨。（2）强调动作的承受者，这时应用by短语。ThecupwasbrokenbyDavid.（3）作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型.1.一般现在时的被动语态结构：is/are+过去分词CarsaremadeinChina.Thedeskismadeofwood.Englishistaughtinourschool.如何由主动语态变成被动语态呢？bymanystudents.1.ManystudentsstudyEnglish.Englishisstudied2.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.Shoesaremadebytheminthatfactory.1.一般现在时的被动语态结构：is/are+过去分词1.将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。2.将主动语态的谓语动词由主动变为被动3.将主动语态的主语变为被动语态中介词by的宾语放在谓动词之后运用一下吧•TheyplayfootballonSunday.•Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening.•Theyoftenusecomputersinclass.•WemakethesemachinesinBeijing.FootballisplayedbythemonSunday.ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening.Computersareoftenusedbytheminclass.ThesemachinesaremadeinBeijing.1.Theyboughtacomputerlastterm．bythemlastterm.2.一般过去时的被动语态结构：was/were+过去分词lastyear.2.Weplantedmanytreeslastyear.ManytreeswereplantedAcomputerwasbought•Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.•Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday.•Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow.•Theyusedtheroomsforresting.Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear.Hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday.Ourclassroomwascleanedbyusjustnow.Theroomswereusedforrestingbythem.3.一般将来时的被动语态结构：begoingtobe/willbe+过去分词1.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.bythemintendays.Theworkwillbefinished2.Tomisgoingtocleantheroomtomorrow.TheroomisgoingtobecleanedbyTomtomorrow.•Wewillheldasportsmeetingnextweek.•Childrenwilltakesomephotosintheschoolyardtomorrow.Theheadmasterisgoingtogiveatalkthisafternoon.Asportsmeetingwillbeheldbyusnextweek.Somephotoswillbetakenbychildrenintheschooltomorrow.Atalkisgoingtobegivenbytheheadmasterthisafternoon.4.含有情态动词的被动语态结构：can/may/must/should+be+过去分词1.AmycantakegoodcareofGina．byAmy.Ginacanbetakengoodcareof2.Youshoulddrinkmorewater.Morewatershouldbedrunkbyyou.1.Hecantakecareofthebaby.2.Lucymaydrawthepictures.3.Youmustturnoffthelights.4.TheyshouldlearnEnglishwell.Thebabycanbetakencareofbyhim.ThepicturemaybedrawnbyLucy.Thelightsmustbeturnedoffbyyou.Englishshouldbelearnedwellbythem.5.现在进行时的被动语态的结构is/am/are+being＋过去分词1.Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow．bysomeworkersnow.Theroomsarebeingpainted2.HeiswatchingTV.TVisbeingwatchedbyhim.6.现在完成时的被动语态的结构have/has＋been＋过去分词1.Wehavemadeakey．byus.Akeyhasbeenmade2.Wehavefinishedourcompositions.Ourcompositionshavebeenfinishedbyus.Thepassivevoice被动语态英语中动词有主动语态和被动语态两种语态.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,在被动语态中动作的执行者有时用by短语表示出来.被动语态的构成:助动词be+(及物动词的)过去分词一般现在时一般过去时am(is,are)+donewas(were)+done{一般将来时shall/will+be+done过去将来时would/should+be+done现在进行时am/is/are+being+done过去进行时was/were+being+done现在完成时have/has+been+done过去完成时had+been+done被动语态的几种类型1.带双宾语句子的被动语态.一般把间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，则另一个不动。如把直接宾语变为被动语态的主语则需在间宾前加for或to如：1.Hegavemeabook.－Iwasgivenabookbyhim.－AbookwasgiventomebyTom.2.Iboughthimabook.－Hewasboughtabookbyme.－Abookwasbuoghtforhimbyme.Theytakegoodcareofmychild.Iturnedofftheradio.2.含有短语的主动语态变被动语态-----Mychildistakengoodcareof.---Theradiowasturnedoff(byme).即hear,watch,see,make,let,这些词在变被动句时必须加to.1.IsawhimplaybasketballlastSunday.HewasseentoplaybasketballlastSunday.2.Thebossmakeshimworkfor10hours.Heismadetoworkfor10hours.3.在主动语态中省去to在变为被动语态时应补出来4.主动结构表被动含义1）look.smell.sound.feel.taste等作连系动词用时，主动形式表被动意义。Eg.棉花摸起来很柔软。Cottonfeelssoft.这老妇人看起来焦急。Theoldwomanlooksworried.2)write.read.sellwashopen.lock等常和表示行为方式的状语连用表达效果和程度时常用主动表被动。EgThispenwriteswell.这笔很好用。这书很畅销Thisbooksellswell.3)动词need,want,require（需要）等接动名词作宾语构成主动结构表被动含义Eg他的鞋需要修理。Hisshoesneededmending.填空（完成被动语态填空）1.Theyoftencleantheirclassroomafterschool.（改为被动语态）Theirclassroom_____often______bythemafterschool.2.LiLeigaveTomanewpenlastweek.（同上）Anewpen_________________Tomlastweek.iscleanedwasgivenbyPractice3.AlotofpeopleinChinacanspeakEnglishnow.（同上）English________________byalotofpeopleinChinanow.4.IhavelearnedEnglishforabouttwoyears.（同上）English__________________forabouttwoyears.5.Theywillreadthesestory-booksnextmonth.（同上）Thesestory-books_______________nextmonth.canbespokenhasbeenlearnedwillberead5.－Doyouliketheskirt?－It_______soft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt6.Areyoustillhere?Youwerehereanhourago.Who________for?A.areyouwaitingB.didyouwaitC.wereyouwaitingD.doyouwait7._____toknowProfessorZhang.A.HesaidB.IsaidC.HeissaidD.Itsays8.－Iwanttositatthetablenearthewindow.－Sorry,______already.A.ittookB.ittakesC.itistakingD.ithasbeentaken9.Theletter_______threedaysagoandit_____yesterday.A.hadpost,hadarrivedB.wasposted,arrivedC.posted,arrivedD.hadbeenposted,wasarrived10.Hetoldmethatthefinalexamination_______nextThursday.A.isgivenB.willbegivenC.wouldhavegivenD.wouldbegiven11.Water______intoice.A.willchangedB.mustbechangedC.shouldchangeD.canbechanged12.Thebirds_______flyawaylastSaturday.A.lettoB.islettoC.wasletD.wereletto13.Astrangesound______yesterdayevening.A.washeardB.hearsC.heardD.isheard14.Abeautifulbike_______himbyhisclassmates.A.senttoB.willsenttoC.wassenttoD.willbesentfor1