海底生产水处理测量挑战(英文)SubseaProducedWaterTreatmentMeasure

SPE:PFCLuncheon;SubseaProducedWaterTreatmentMeasurementChallengesByTimDaigle,FluorOffshoreSolutions,April17,2012NorrisCenter,Houston,Texas,USASocietyofPetroleumEngineers,GulfCoastSection©2010FluorCorporation.Allrightsreserved.PresentationAgendaIntroduction–RPSEAStudyDiscussandHighlightsomesignificantadvanceswithintheProducedWaterIndustryandHowCantheybeusedSubseaSensingLayoutRegulatoryRequirementsNewsSensorsConclusion–Questions©2010FluorCorporation.Allrightsreserved.DW3100‐01 Project ObjectivesStudy for Discharge of Produced Water and/or Solids at the SeabedStudy Regulations in the Industry with an emphasis on key Deepwater locations, i.e. GOM, North Sea, Brazil, West AfricaStudy Marine Life @ Seabed depths of 5,000 –8,000 ftStudy Produced Water Techniques by Performing a State of the Art Market Sweep Use research results to derive a new Subsea Produced Water Treatment ProcessSubmit Final Report©2010FluorCorporation.Allrightsreserved.AdvanceSubseaProcessingSystemsTodaytheindustryisdevelopingandtestinganumberofnewsubseaprocessingsystem.Useofdesandersandhydrocyclones,CFUs,Polymerbasedfiltrationsystems,Adsorption,etc.UseofpipeseparatorslikeFMC’sHarpusedonPetrobras’MarlimUseofSubseaSlugCatchersUseofSeparationCaissonslikePerdidoandBC-10AmustforthesesystemsistheProperuseofsensingandmeasurementto“see”successfulprocessintheoperation©2010FluorCorporation.Allrightsreserved.SaipemMultiPipeSeparator©2010FluorCorporation.Allrightsreserved.Saipem-FlowRegimeDependencyhelpsdeterminesEfficiency©2010FluorCorporation.Allrightsreserved.SubseawaterprocessingsystembuiltbyFMCTechnologiesPetrobras’Marlimfield,offshoreBrazilJPT•AUGUST2011©2010FluorCorporation.Allrightsreserved.FMCTechnologieswatertreatmentunitforPetrobras’Marlimseparatingwaterfromoilandtreatingthewaterusingin-lineseparationandaHydroCycloneJPT•AUGUST2011©2010FluorCorporation.Allrightsreserved.PazflorVerticalSubseaSeparator-2011•VerticalGas-LiquidSeparation•Purposetoreducegasvolumefractiontoenablemultiplepump•Vesseldesignincludingcurvedlowersectiontopreventsandaccumulation•Asandhandlingsystemw/sandflushingusedback-upsolutiontoremovesandbuild-upFMCPazflorSSGas/LiquidSeparation&Boosting,CourtesyofFMC©2010FluorCorporation.Allrightsreserved.10MonitoringandSensingisextremelyimportanthere!FMCPazflorSSGas/LiquidSeparation&Boosting,CourtesyofFMCFMCTordisSubseaSeparationSystem,CourtesyofFMC©2010FluorCorporation.Allrightsreserved.FlowDiagramwithPotentialTechnologiesThreePhaseSubseaSeparationProcess©2010FluorCorporation.Allrightsreserved.VisualProcessAnalyzer©2010FluorCorporation.Allrightsreserved.US Regulations (Gulf of Mexico)Philosophy of Whole Effluent Toxicity TestingLimits set at 29mg/L monthly average, 40 mg/L daily maximumSampling Minimum Once per MonthToxicity Testing Quarterly (high volume) or AnnuallyNo free oil discharged ‐Visual sheen method on the surface of the receiving water.  Monitoring done dailyObserved sheens must be recorded on NPDES permitNo discharge of sand©2010FluorCorporation.Allrightsreserved.US Regulations (Gulf of Mexico)Toxicity test required, per EPA Lab Method •7‐day avg minimum for the test effluent to be diluted and placed in 8 different test replicas, each containing at least 5 organisms of mysid shrimp  ½ must remain alive for the 7 day testA No Observable Effect Concentration (NOEC) = specified critical dilution concentrationDilution rates set on discharge pipe diameter and water depth from the seafloor©2010FluorCorporation.Allrightsreserved.RegulatoryImpactonSeabedDischargeNoDischargeofSand•Sandmustbecollectedforretrievaltoshore,orsendtoplatform•RadioactivitymonitoringmayberequiredMonitoringandReportingChallenges•OilandGreaseMonitoring•ToxicityToxicity•Dilutionallowedby,addingseawater,usingdiffuser,orusingmultipleports•Specificsoftwaretouseifdiffuserisusedtoincreasedilution•Arethecriticaldilutiontablesorsoftwareapplicabletodeepwaterseabed(potentiallyverylittlecurrent)?VisualSheen•Observationrequiredforseabeddischarge?•Observationmethodandfrequencyissues•WatersamplingrequirementafterobservingsheenmaycausedifficultyTotaldissolvedsolids•Noregulationotherthanthroughtoxicity©2010FluorCorporation.Allrightsreserved.SubseaWaterQualityMonitoring5typicalmeasurementprinciplestodistinguishoil-in-waterandperformwaterqualitymeasurements.•Directweightmeasurement(beingthepreferredEPAmethod),•Colorimetric,•Infrared,•Ultravioletfluorescence•ParticlecountingUseinthesubseaenvironmentisnonexistentandmethods,designsandtestsneedtobeperformedtobridgethegapofsubseaoil-in-waterqualitymonitoring.©2010FluorCorporation.Allrightsreserved.DirectWeightMeasurement–ASTM1664Directweightmeasurement(beingthepreferredEPAmethod),TheonlytestthatcanbedonetoverifythatdischargeintheUSmeetsEPAoil-in-waterstandards.TobedoneinalaboratoryifbeingusedtomeetEPArequirementsAcidifyaoneliterwatersampletopH2orless,thenextractitusingn-hexane.butotherextractantsmaybespecified.Theextractantisthenevaporatedandtheremainingresidueisweighed.Themassofthisresi