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§3键、花键和销联接Key,splineandpinjoints§3-1键联接Keyjoints§3-2花键联接Splinejoints§3-3销联接Pinjoints§3-1键联接Keyjoints分类Typesofthekeyjoints平键联接的尺寸选择和强度计算Optionofsizesandstrengthcalculationsforstraightkeyjoints一、分类TypesofthekeyjointsKeyjointsLoosejointsTightjointsStraightkeyjointsWoodruffkeyjointsOrdinarystraightkeyjointsGuidingandslidingstraightkeyjointsTaperkeyTaperkeyjointsTangentdouble-taperkeyjoints1.普通平键联接OrdinarystraightkeyjointsRoundedendSquareendOneroundedandonesquareend2.导向平键和滑键Guidingandslidingstraightkey3.半圆键Woodruffkey4.楔键联接Taperkeyjoint5.切向键联接Tangentdouble-taperkeyjoint1、失效形式Typesoffailure⑴主要失效形式Themaintypesoffailure：工作面压溃Crushing（静联接Fixedjoints）工作面磨损Wear（动联接Slidingjoints）二、平键联接的尺寸选择和强度计算Selectionofsizesandstrengthcalculationsforstraightkeyjoints⑵有时：键剪断shearfailureofthekey（一般不作计算，重要时验算Nosuchstrengthcalculationsarerequiredindesigning.）工作面的压溃或磨损发生在键、轴和毂三者中较弱的零件上，一般为毂。Crushingorwearoftheoperatingsurfacesusuallytakeplaceontheelementsofwhichthestrengthisweakestamongthekey,shaftandhub.Anditusuallyoccursonthehub.2.计算公式Calculations3.平键联接的计算步骤Designprocedureforstraightkeyjoints花键联接的特点Featuresofsplinejoints花键联接的分类Typesofsplinejoints§3-2花键联接Splinejoints依靠轴和毂上齿的互压传递转矩，可用于动联接和静联接。Theteethofshaftandhubpresseachother,throughwhichthetorqueistransmitted.Thesplinejointscanbeusedforbothfixedandslidingjoints.一、花键联接的特点FeaturesofsplinejointsWithrespecttostraightkeyjoints:UniformforcedistributionLessstressconcentrationMoreaccuratelycenteredTeetharedifficulttobemanufactured二、花键联接的分类Typesofsplinejoints（矩形花键Rectanglespline、渐开线花键Involutespline、三角形花键Trianglespline）三、花键的定心方式Centeringmethodsofspline矩形花键定心方式MajordiameterfitMinordiameterfitFitonsidesofspline渐开线花键定心方式MajordiameterfitSidefit§3-3销联接Pinjoints销联接的功用Functionsofpinjoints销的分类Typesofpinjoints（1）定位Locating（2）安全装置Safetydevice（3）传递不大的载荷Transmitrelativelysmallloads一、销联接的功用Functionsofpinjoints二、销的分类Typesofpin（1）普通圆柱销Plaincylindricalpins（多次装拆，定位精度下降Locatingprecisionisloweredafterdisassembledmanytimes）（2）普通圆锥销Plaintaperpins（锥度1：50、自锁、可以多次装拆Withataperof1:50,selflocking,maybedisassembledformanytimes）（3）特殊形式销Specialtypesofpin①孔未开通或拆卸困难时：螺尾锥销Withthreadfordisassembly②冲击、振动或变载荷时：开尾锥销、槽销或弹性圆柱销（防松）Withopenslotforfastening