[键入文字]语法专项整理(一)名词1、名词的种类:专有名词China,Beijing,Amy,January,Monday,普通名词可数名词单数abook,apencil,anapple,anumbrella,复数books,pencils,apples,umbrellas,不可数名词milk,water,juice,tea,rice,2、专有名词:专有名词是指某个人、某些地方、某样物品专有的名称。Children’sDay专有名词第一个字母要大写,前面不加a,an,the3、单数名词:(1)一般名词,在前面加a:abook,acomputer,(2)元音字母开头的名词,在前面加an:anegg,anorange(元音字母是:a,e,i,o,u)少数例外:anhour,auniversity(以元音发音为准)4、复数名词:规则:[键入文字]情况规则例词一般情况加scats,appleso,s,x,ch,sh结尾加epotatoes,buses,classes,boxes,watches辅音字母加y结尾去y加iesbutterfly--butterflies元音字母加y结尾加sdays,keys,boysf,fe结尾变成vesleaf--leaves,knife--knives不规则:情况例词改变元音foot--feet,tooth--teeth,goose--geese,man--men,woman--women,词尾发生变化child—children,mouse--mice单复数同形sheep--sheep,deer--deer,fish--fish,people--people5、不可数名词:在不可数名词前只能加some(一些),much(许多)(1)液体:water,milk,coke,coffee,juice,tea(2)气体:air,vapour(3)不能“个别的”存在:hair,rice,beef,meat,pork,mutton语法专项整理(二)代词1、人称代词2、[键入文字]人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit2、物主代词人称单数复数形容词性名词性形容词性名词性第一人称mymineourours第二人称youryoursyouryours第三人称hishistheirtheirsherhersitsits3、指示代词:this,that,these,those如:Thisismydoll.ThatisMary’s.Lookatthethosesheep.Theyareeatinggrass.语法专项整理(三)数词1、基数词:表示数目的多少2、[键入文字]oneonehundredtwotwentyonethousandthreethirteenthirty三位数要在百位和十位之间加and如:onehundredandsixteen116onehundredandtwenty-one121fourfourteenfortyfivefifteenfiftysixsixteensixtysevernseventeenseventyeighteighteeneightyninenineteenninetyten加teen加ty两位数(非整十)中间加连字符“-”如:fifty-one51eleventwelve3、序数词:表示顺序第一至第十第十一至第十九第二十及以上firsteleventhsecondtwelfthtwentieththirdthirteenththirtiethfourthfourteenthfortiethfifthfifteenthfiftiethsixthsixteenthsixtieth[键入文字]seventhseventeenthseventietheightheighteentheightiethninthnineteenthninetiethtenth除第1、2、3,直接加thty结尾,变y为ie,再加th语法专项整理(五)介词1、介词的分类词类例词时间介词at7:00,inthemorning,onMonday,beforelunch,afterdinner,方位介词onthedesk,inthepark,athome,underthetree,behindthedoor,overthebed,infrontofthehouse,nearthelake,nexttothecinema,动向介词gotoschool,jumpintothewater,climbupthetree,skidownthemountain,runoutofthedoor方式介词bybike,onfoot,playwithmyfriend2、at,on,in在表示时间时的区别:(1)at用于具体的时刻:at10:05,atnoon,atnight,(2)on用于具体的一天(常与星期、节日、具体的某一天连用,也表示某天上午、下午或晚上):onMonday,onNewYear’sDay,onJune1st,onmybirthday,onFridaymorning,ontheweekend,[键入文字](3)in用于某一段时间(常与上午、下午、晚上连用,常与月份、季节、年份连用):inthemorning,intheafternoon,intheevening,inMarch,inspring,in2007,语法专项整理(六)Therebe结构1、概念:Therebe结构又叫存在句,表示某地存在某物。2、Therebe结构的肯定句(1)Thereis+可数名词单数+地点:Thereisabookonthedesk.(2)Thereis+不可数名词+地点:Thereissomewaterintheglass(3)Thereare+可数名词复数+地点:Therearesomeflowersinthegarden.就近原则:若句子中有几个并列的主语,be动词的形式和最近的一个主语保持一致Thereisabookand2pencilsinthebag.Therearemanyflowersandatreeinthegarden.3、Therebe结构的疑问句(把be动词提到句子前面,若句子中有some,要变为any)Isthereabookonthedesk?Isthereanywaterintheglass?Arethereanyflowersinthegarden?语法专项整理(七)现在进行时1、概念:表示说话时正在进行的动作。(提示词:Now,look,listen)2、构成:be动词+现在分词:[键入文字]形式例句第一人称单数+am+现在分词Iamreadingabook.第三人称单数+is+现在分词Heisdoinghomework.Sheisflyingakite.第二人称单数/各人称复数+are+现在分词Wearecookingdinner.Theyarecleaningtheroom.3、现在分词规则例词一般情况,加ingWalk-walking,do-doinge结尾,去e加ingdance-dancing,make-making,write-writing,have-having,汉堡单词,双写加ingrun-running,swim-swimming语法专项整理(八)一般现在时1、概念:表示现在存在着的状况,也可理解为习惯性的动作,不断重复发生的事。提示词:always,often,usually,sometimes,never,everymorning,every…~2、构成:分类形式例句Be动词的一般现在第一人称单数+amIamastudent.第三人称单数+isHeisaboy.Sheispretty[键入文字]时第二人称单数/各人称复数+areWearegoodfriends.其他动词的一般现在时第三人称单数+动词单三形式Sheworksinthehospital.Helivesinthecity.其他人称+动词原形Theyworkinthefarm.Weliveinthevillage.3、动词单三形式:规则例词一般动词,加swork—works,make—makeso,ch,sh,s,x结尾加eswatch--watches,wash--washes,go--goes,do--does辅音字母加y,去y加iesfly—flies,cry--cries,元音字母加y,直接加sbuy--buys,play—plays,stay--stays,不规则形式have--hasare,am—is语法专项整理(九)一般将来时1、概念:表示将来要做的事,要发生的动作。提示词:tomorrow,tonight,thisafternoon,thisevening,thisweekend,nextweekend,nextMonday,2、构成:(1)be动词+goingto+动词原形:IamgoingtowatchTVafterdinner.[键入文字]Heisgoingtobuyabookthisafternoon.TheyaregoingtogoswimmingnextSunday.