装生产线车身识别系统的研究与开发

华中科技大学硕士学位论文汽车涂装生产线车身识别系统的研究与开发姓名：王海鹏申请学位级别：硕士专业：机械电子工程指导教师：喻道远20070603IIIAbstractWiththecontinuousdevelopmentofinformationtechnology,thetraditionalautomationcontrolsystemisgraduallychanging.Fieldbuscontrolsystemhasbeenextensivelyappliedinenterprise.Intheautomobilemanufactory,theProductionsareincreasing,butthecycleoftheautomobiledesignisbecomingincreasinglyshort.Inordertodealwiththefiercecompetition,differentautomobilemodelsareproducedinthesameproductionlineinmanymanufactories.It’simportantforthemanagementstomasterthereal-timefieldproductiondynamicintheworkshopwhichhasimportantsignificancetoimproveshopproductionefficiencyandenterprise’scompetitionstrength.Inviewofthecurrentautomobilemanufacturalcharacteristics,Anautomaticvehiclebodyidentificationsystemisdesignedforthepaintingworkshop.Theidentificationsystemcanreadthemessageofthewhitebodywhichbestoredinthetag.Meanwhilethesystemcanalsowritethenewmessageofthewhitebodyintothetagtokeepinformationsynchronizedwithproduction.Inthisway,thebodyidentificationsystemcancontrolproductionlineinthestate.Thepaperanalysesthemonitoringproblemswhichexistinpaintingproductionline,andthenstudiesthecharacteristicsofthepaintingprocess.Onthisbasis,AnautomaticvehiclebodyidentificationsolutionispresentedbasedonDeviceNetfieldbuscontrolsystemandradiofrequencyidentification(RFID)technology.KeytechnologiesofDevicNetandRFIDarewellmended.Atlast,thehardwareandthesoftwareofthebodyidentificationsystemareestablished.ThesystemisappliedinthepaintingworkshopoftheSGMWsuccessfully.Inpracticalapplication,thesystemdemonstratedexcellentperformance,Ithaveasimple,stableandgoodintegratedstructure.KeywordsDeviceNet,RadioFrequencyIdentification,Fieldbus,BodyIdentification,Configuration111.1——1.2[1]2[2][3]1[4]2334BOM1.3[5]DCS(DistributedControlSystem)I/O[6]DCSDCS(Fieldbus)FCS(fieldbuscontrolsystem)3C(ComputerCommunicationControl)4[7]IECCANDeviceNetHARTLonWorksProFiBusFFModeBusSiemensModiconGE(Barcode)2090——(RFID)(RadioFrequencyIdentification)RFID2010RFIDRFIDRFID5NissanMississippiWhereNetRFID[8]NissanRFIDRFIDRFID200728RFIDRFID[9]RFID200612863RFID1.4/861.5722.1()[10][11]—————————PVC—————2.1PVC/RFID2007-5-24RFID2007-5-24RFID2007-5-24RFID2007-5-24RFID2007-5-24RFID2007-5-24RFIDPLC2.18PVC[12]2.22.2.1RFIDRFID2.1PCPC92.2.3RFIDRFID2.2华中科技大学硕士学位论文10涂装生产线设备网现场总线以太网上位PC机人机界面HMIPLC控制平台以及网络接口模块RFID系统识别节点涂装生产线上的白车身图2.2车身识别系统网络结构原理图（1）RFID(RadioFrequencyIdentification)射频识别系统汽车车身在涂装过程中，车身要经过前处理、电泳、喷漆、烘干等工艺，通常是要经过热清洗、酸洗、液体喷淋、高温等处理，生产环境非常恶劣。因此在选择识别系统时，必须要考虑这些因素，使识别系统能够承受汽车车身同样的恶劣环境条件。射频识别技术(RFID)是一种非接触式的自动识别技术，它是无线电技术在自动识别领域中的应用。它利用无线电波来传送识别信息，因此可不受空间限制，识别工作无须人工干预，可在各种恶劣环境，快速进行数据读写、分析等工作。一个典型的射频识别RFID系统包括电子签载（Tag，又称载码体）、电子标签通讯的天线，以及处理天线与PC（或PLC）之间通信的读写器。作为传统条形码的无线版本，RFID系统的电子标签具有条形码所不具备的防水、防磁、耐高温、使用寿命长、读取距离大、标签上数据可以加密、存储数据容量更大、存储信息可以被更改自如等优点。RFID射频识别系统，为各种工业环境提供了完美的无线识别和跟踪的解决方案。（2）设备网现场总线（DeviceNetFieldbus）在分析比较了各种不同的控制方案后，决定采用以DeviceNet为底层网络的现场总线控制系统。设备网是20世纪90年代中期发展起来的一种基于CAN总线技术的符合全球工业标准的开放型通信网络，是一种低成本、面向底层工业设备联网解决方案，并提供了对这些设备智能化信息进行存取的有效途径[13]。它将工业设备(如：限位开关，光电传11)PLCI/ODeviceNet/FlexI/ORFIDDNB3(EtherNet)TCP/IPPCPLCPLCPCPLC2.3RFIDPLC2.3122.32.3.1MicrosoftWindowsPLCPLCWindowDDEDynamicDateExchangeDDEDDE132.3.2122.3.3Configuration[14]14[15]1()2()()3PLC)I/ODOSWindowsWindows2.4153DeviceNetDeviceNetDeviceNetDeviceNetDeviceNetDeviceNetDeviceNet(ODVA)DeviceNetODVADeviceNetDeviceNetDeviceNetDeviceNet3.1DeviceNetDeviceNetDeviceNetDeviceNetCANDeviceNetCAN()CANCANDeviceNetCANCANISOOSIOpenSystemInterconnection[32]7DeviceNet3.1163.1DeviceNetISOISO-7LLCDeviceNetISO-2MACPLSCANISO-1MACISO-0DeviceNet1ISO(PhysicalLayer)DeviceNet/OSIOSIMWP(Mis-WiringProtection)()2ISODeviceNetMAC(MediumAccessControlSublayer)LLC(LogicalLinkControlSublayer)MACCANCANCSMA/NBAMACLLCDeviceNetLLC3I/ODeviceNetDeviceNet64MACID)I/ODeviceNet()CAN173.23.2.14T121DeviceNetDeviceNet3.1/3.1DeviceNet524V+24V-CAN+CAN-3.2+24VDC(V+)+0VDC(V-)CAN-HCAN-LShieldBareBlueWhiteRedBlack+24VDC(V+)+0VDC(V-)CAN-HCAN-LShieldBareBlueWhiteRedBlackBareBlueWhiteRedBlack3.2125kb250kb500kb64()18[33]3.2125kps250kps500kps500m250m100m100m100m100m6m6m6m156m78m39m8ACAN3.2.2DeviceNetCANCAN(DataLinkLayer)MACLLCCANCAN(0)(1)frameCANDevicNetCANDeviceNet3.3191111608151117=3RTRCRCCRC3.3CANDeviceNet[34]3.43.4CAN3.41010211101120CANCANRTR(RemoteTransmissionRequest)DeviceNetRTRRTR11CAN29DeviceNet40-80-81/O8CRC(CyclicRedundancyCheck)CANCANCRC()3.33.3.1/DeviceNet/producer/customer/I/O/[35]21/ProfibusInterbus//41234I/O3.3.2ISO(OSI)(QualityofService)(Acknowledgement)DeviceNetDeviceNet(CIDConnectionIdentifier)DeviceNet[36]DeviceNet(UCMM)CANI/OI/ODeviceNetI/O11CAN22DeviceNetCAN1111ID11DeviceNet113.33.3DeviceNet1098765432101601IDMACID000-3ff110/MACID2ID400-5ff2113IDMACID600-7bf3111114ID0-2f7c0-7ff411111111XXX7f0-7ffCANIDIDIDMACIDIDMACIDMACID13CANMACIDMACIDMACID2CANMACIDMACIDDeviceNetDeviceNetMACIDMACIDCANDeviceNetCANCAN23CAN3.53.5IDI/O()()3.3.4/(I/O)DeviceNet[37]I/O(ExplicitMessage)24—()(overhead)I/O(Implicit)I/OI/OI/O8I/OI/OID(CAN)I/ODeviceNet8DeviceNetDeviceNetDeviceNetI/O[38]3.4I/O0-8CANI/OCAN3.50-8CANCAN3.3.5/(Polling