2019高考英语真题分类汇编专题05-非谓语动词(解析版)

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三年(2017-2019)年高考真题分项汇编专题05非谓语动词一、2019年高考真题1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】30.__________theconvenienceofdigitalpayment,manyseniorcitizensstartedtousesmartphones.A.ToenjoyB.EnjoyingC.TohaveenjoyedD.Enjoy【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语。句意:为了享受数字支付的方便,很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。故选A。2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】4.____________tothinkcriticallyisanimportantskilltoday'schildrenwillneedforthefuture.A.LearnB.LearnedC.LearningD.Havinglearned【答案】C【解析】考查动名词。句意:学会批判性思维是当代小孩未来所必需的重要技能。句子缺少主语成分,而过去分词、动词都不可以做主语。此处用动名词做主语,故选C。3.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】32.China'simageisimprovingsteadily,withmorecountries__________itsroleininternationalaffairs.A.recognizingB.beingrecognizedC.toberecognizedD.recognized【答案】A【解析】考查with复合结构。句意:中国的形象正在稳步提升,更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。“更多的国家”和“认识”之间是主动关系,用with+名词+现在分词结构,故选A。4.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】12.Theprofessorwarnedtiestudentsthatonnoaccount_____________usemobilephonesinhisclass.A.shouldtheyB.theyshouldC.daretheyD.theydare【答案】A【解析】考查部分倒装。句意:这位教授警告学生们,在他的课堂上,决不应该使用手机。onnoaccount决不,否定词放在句首,句子使用部分倒装,应该做shoulddo,敢于做daredo,根据句意表示”应该“,故选A。5.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Modemmethods___of__trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive___64___(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.【答案】toperform【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后,常用不定式作原因或目的状语,句意:跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用,并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的,故此处用toperform。6.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Scientistshaverespondedby___67___(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,…【答案】noting【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知,此处用动名词主动形式,故填noting。7.【2019·新课标II卷·短文改错】Allthefootballplayersontheplaygroundcheeredloudly,saythatIhadatalentforfootball.【答案】Allthefootballplayersontheplaygroundcheeredloudly,saysayingthatIhadatalentforfootball.【解析】考查现在分词。本句句意:操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼,说我有足球天赋。句中谓语动词为cheered,say在这里作伴随状语。与主语players是主动关系,故将say改为saying。8.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for___61___(be)Britain'soldestfull-timeemployee-stillworking40hoursaweek.【答案】being【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知,此处用动名词形式作宾语,故填being。9.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene___declared__(declare)shehadnoplans___65___(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.【答案】toretire【解析】考查不定式作定语。此处用todosth做后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示“……的计划”,故填toretire。10.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Whenwegotacall___68___(say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwas___a__joke.【答案】saying【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知,此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语,解释名词call的内容,call与say是主动关系,故填saying。11.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】Onourwaytothehouse,itwasraining___so__hardthatwecouldn'thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake___62___(get)there.【答案】toretire【解析】考查不定式。句中的would提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子,wondering后的句子不缺谓语,此处应填非谓语动词,故填toget。12.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,we_wereinvited__(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,___70___(listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.【答案】listening【解析】考查现在分词。本句谓语动词为“wereinvited”,所以70题空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的,所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题,and后meetinginterestinglocals为分词形式,故空格处填listening。13.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】Whenthechildrenarewalkingor___59___(cycle)toschoolondarkmornings,…【答案】cycling【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时,汽车司机很容易看到它们。or连接两个并列成分,根据or前的walking可知,此处要用cycling。故填cycling。14.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】Butsomestudentsdidn'twant___63___(wear)theuniform.【答案】towear【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:但是,有一些学生不想穿学生服。wanttodosth想要做某事,这里是动词不定式作to的宾语。故填towear。15.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】Nervously___2___(face)challenges,IknowIwillwhisperto_myself_(I)thetwosimplewords“Beyourself”.【答案】facing【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:紧张地面对挑战,我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。分析句式可知,此处是做句子的状语,要用非谓语动词,其逻辑主语是I,与逻辑主语之间是主动关系,用现在分词作状语。故填facing。二、2018年高考真题1.【2018·北京】3._________alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperienceA.TravelB.TravelingC.HavingtraveledD.Traveled【答案】B【解析】考查动名词。句意:沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“____alongtheoldSilkRoad”做主语,要用动名词,故B选项正确。点睛:动名词是动词-ing形式的一种,兼有动词和名词特征。在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。2.【2018·北京】6.DuringtheMid-AutumnFestival,familymembersoftengathertogether_________ameal,admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes.A.shareB.toshareC.havingsharedD.shared【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在中秋节期间,家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭,赏月,品尝月饼。gather是谓语动词,“_________ameal,admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes”是状语,家人聚在一起的目的是吃饭,赏月,品尝月饼,表目的用动词不定式,故B选项正确。点睛:动词不定式可以做主语,状语,定语,宾语,表语等。动词不定式做目的状语时,可以置于主句之前也可以置于主句之后,通常译为“为了”。3.【2018·北京】10.Ordinarysoap,_________correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.A.usedB.touseC.usingD.use【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:如果正确使用的话,普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。Ordinarysoapcandealwithbacterialeffectively是主句,_________correctly是条件状语,修饰ordinarysoap,ordinarysoap和use之间是被动关系,故要用过去分词,A选项正确。点睛:过去分词所表示的一个含义就是“被动”。4.【2018·天津】12.Ididn'tmean___________anythingbuttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldn’thelp_______it.A.toeat;totryB.eating;tryingC.eating;totryD.toeat;trying【答案】D【解析】考查短语固定搭配。句意:我不打算吃任何东西,但冰淇淋看起来如此的好以至于我忍不住的要试一试。固定短语短语meantodo(打算做),couldn’thelpdoing忍不住做。故选D。点睛:本题考查动词短语固定搭配。同学在平时学习中要多把握动词不同搭配的不同含义,本题需要区分“meantodo打算做”与“meandoing意味着做”和“can’thelptodosth.不能帮助做”与“couldn’thelpdoing忍不住做”之间的含义。5.【2018·天津】7.IneedanewpassportsoIwillhavetohavemyphotographs___________.A.takingB.takenC.beingtakenD.take【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我需要一个新护照,所以我将不得不拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语,宾语myphotograph与补足语之间为被动关系,故用过去分词作宾语补足语。C项表示正在进行。故选B。点睛:本题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