Goodafternoon!一.总述四.动名词的用法二.分类五.分词的用法三.不定式的用法动词谓语动词非谓语动词还记得,动词第一讲时:我们将动词按形式,划分为两类谓语动词就是能在句子中作谓语的动词(独立做谓语,或者构成复合谓语皆可)谓语动词就是不能在句子中作谓语的动词非谓语动词动词不定式动名词现在分词分词过去分词非谓语动词的特点:1.由动词构成2.在句子中不做谓语废话基本形式:to+动词原形(有时可以不带to)。●动词不定式没有人称和数的变化●在句子中不能作谓语●但可以担任除谓语外的任何成分——主语、表语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语。动词不定式Itis+adj.+ofsb.+todosth.与of连用的形容词常常用来形容“人”:good,kind,nice,wise,clever,foolish,right,wrong,careful,careless,polite,possibleIt’sverykindofyoutohelpme.你能帮我,真好。It’scleverofyoutoworkoutthemathsproblem.你真聪明,解出了这道数学题。Itis+adj.+forsb.+todosth.与for连用的形容词常常用来形容“物”:difficult,easy,hard,important,dangerous,(im)possible等。It’sverydangerousforchildrentocrossthebusystreet.对孩子们来说,穿过繁忙的街道很危险。It’sdifficultforustofinishthework.对我们来说,完成这项工作很困难。常考点注意:动词不定式的句法功能二:作表语动词不定式(短语)常用于系动词be的后面作表语。Hisworkistodriveacar.Myjobistofeedanimals.动词不定式的句法功能三:作宾语动词不定式(短语)可以放在一些动词后面作宾语。这些动词很关键!在一些动词的后面,只允许接不定式作宾语:后面只能接不定式作宾语的动词有:三个希望两答应hope,wish,want,agree,promise两个要求莫拒绝ask,demand,refuse设法学会做决定manage,learn,decide不要假装在选择pretend,choose提供帮助的计划offer,help,plan预期失败要发生expect,fail,happen看似都接不定式seem四:不定式作宾语补足语1)不可省略to的:2)可省略to的:3)可以省可以不省的:(1)动词后的宾补,不可以省略不定式符号to的:tell/ask/want/wouldlike/wish/like/invite/encourage/teach+sb.todosth.Iwantyoutogonow.Hisparentswishhertobeateacher.(2)动词后的宾补,需要省略不定式符号to的动词:一感feel二听hear,listento三使make,let,haveTheboymadethebabycry.四看notice,observe,see,watchIsawhimplayfootballontheplaygroundyesterday.#注意:变为被动语态时,不定式短语从宾语补足语变为主语补足语,to还要重现到动词原形前。例:Theboymadethebabycry.(主动语态省略to)Thebabywasmadetocrybytheboy.(被动语态:宾补变主补,to要加回来)特殊短语:wouldrather+dohadbetter+do(3).作宾补时,省略不定式符号to或不省略均可的动词:helpsb.todosth.&helpsb.dosth.例:Ioftenhelpmymother(to)dohousework.thefoodtolive______thebustocomehere____thepentowrite_____theroomtolive____theknifetocut_____thepersontowrite____ononwithinwithabout五:不定式作定语不定式作定语的基本条件不定式与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上必须具备以下条件之一:1.主谓关系2.动(介)宾关系3.说明所修饰词的内容多为抽象名词或序数词分析下列句子Hehasalotofworktodo.Heistherightpersontodoit.It’sthebestwaytolearnEnglish.主谓动宾说明内容1.表原因(原因状语):2.I’msorrytotroubleyou.2.表目的(目的状语):IwenttothelibrarytolearnEnglish.五:不定式作状语动词不定式表将来表目的表某一次具体的动作1.表示将来:Ihavealotofworktodo.2.表示某一次具体的动作:Ilikedancing,butIdon’tliketodancetoday.3.表示目的:TolearnEnglishwell,youmustpractisemore.先看几个例句,判断不定式在句中的成分。1.Tolearnaforeignlanguageisdifficult.2.Hiswishistobeadriver.3.Tomwantedtohaveacupofbeer.4.Theteachertoldustodomorningexercises.5.Ihavenothingtosay.6.Theywenttoseetheiraunt.7.It’seasytoseetheiraunt.8.Idon’tknowwhattodonext.9.Iheardthemmakeanoise.1.“to”是不定式符号还是介词,下列短语中的to都是介词。agreeto,objectto,closeto,cometo,leadto,referto,equalto,familiarto,pointto,thankto,devoteto,nextto,belongto,be(get)usedto习惯于,lookforwardto渴望,payattentionto注意,getdownto开始认真(做某事),devoteoneselfto献身于2.带to还是不带toIhavenochoicebuttogivein.Icannotdoanythingbutgivein.Isawhimentertheclassroom.(但是:Hewasseentoentertheclassroom.)不定式的常考点:3、不定式的否定形式:nottodosth.例如:Tellhim___thewindow.A.toshutnotB.nottoshutC.tonotshutD.notshut答案:B.tellsbtodosth的否定形式为tellsbnottodosth.4、动词不定式与疑问词连用:疑问代词who,what,which和疑问副词when,where,how,why等后面可以按动词不定式,构成动词不定式短语,可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。例如:(1)Hedoesn’tknowhowtousethemachine.(不定式作宾语)(2)Howtousethemachineisaquestion.(不定式作主语)(3)Thequestioniswhentogothere.(不定式作表语)不定式的常考点:5、不定式的特殊句型:1)too…to…:太…而不能…Heistooexcitedtospeak.2)enoughtodo:足以做…Thechildisoldenoughtogotoschool.3)Whynot+动词原形表达向某人提出建议,翻译为:为什么不……?Whynottakeaholiday?4)soas(not)todo:表示目的Goinquietlysoasnottowakethebaby.不定式的常考点:动名词动词的-ing形式用作动名词:●由动词原形加-ing构成●它在句中起名词的作用●可以在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语。动名词动名词的特点:①抽象②习惯性Hishobbyispainting.I’mproudofbeingaChinese.习惯抽象•LearningEnglishisverydifficult.学英语非常困难。Hisjobisdrivingabus.他的工作是开车。Ienjoydancing.我喜欢跳舞。Ihavegotusedtolivinginthecountry.我已经习惯了住农村。Takesomesleepingtablets,andyouwillsoonfallasleep.吃点安眠药,你很快就会入睡。主动被动一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone时态动名词的时态和语态•1)动名词作主语Walkingisgoodexercise.走路是很好的运动。•2)动名词作表语Myfavoritesportisswimming.我最喜欢的运动是游泳。动名词的句法功能(4点)•3)动名词作宾语Jimdislikeseatingchocolate.吉姆不喜欢吃巧克力。Shecan’thelpcryingatasadmovie.她看了忧伤的电影禁不住要哭。•[说明]有些动词和动词短语后只能接动名词作宾语。•例如:admit,finish,forgive,giveup,mind,practise,begoodat,dowellin,can'thelp,keepon,feellike,beusedto,lookforwardto,preferto,等。动名词的句法功能有些动词只能接动名词作宾语,(动宾)如:appreciate,avoid,consider(考虑),enjoy,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practice,suggest(建议)……还有些短语动词以一介词结尾,也只能接动名词作宾语(尤其是介词to易出错):(介宾)如:dependon…,insiston…,feellike…,beusedto(习惯于)…,lookforwardto…,devoteto…,payattentionto...动名词的句法功能有些动词只能接动名词作宾语(31个):放弃享受可原谅giveup,enjoy,excuse/pardon/forgive保持练习必完成keep,practice,finish鼓励建议要考虑encourage,advise/suggest,consider承认想象的感觉admit,imagine,feel错过后悔要介意miss,regret,mind不由自主去承受can’thelp,stand理解冒险可避免understand,risk,avoid开始着手要注意getdownto,payattentionto逃跑还要习惯于escape,be(get)usedto还有:begoodat擅长dowellin在……某方面干得好keepon继续做某事feellike想做(某事)lookforwardto盼望,期待,预期4)动名词作定语Sheisinthereadingroom.(阅览室)Weshouldimproveourteachingmethods.(教学方法)动名词的句法功能1.It’snousetalkingwithhim:It’snogoodspeakingtothemlikethat.2.There’ssomedifficulty(in)doing…在此句型中,difficulty可以由以下单词替换:trouble,problem,fun,pleasure,agoodtime,ahardtime动名词的常用句型1.下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义相同的,begintodobegindoingstarttodostartdoingcontinuetodoc