霉菌毒素与家禽生产--家禽研究室

DAVIDR.LEDOUX,„„„„––„„––••••„„„„„„B1(ppm)FI)(gBWG)(g)F/G)(g:g(g/100gBW)0971a784a1.272.62b4873b689b1.243.44a01026a795a1.29b2.22b2868b640b1.36a3.29aabP.05„„„„„„„„„„AA„„„„„„„„??????zX(1960)zzz,CSMz,,•4•B1,B2,G1,G2•8-9•–•DNA100%50%20%10%DNADNACAST,1989zzzz()(Doerr,1983)(ppm)--------------------------(g)------------------------02256a2081a1623a0.0752028b1887b1461b0.2251989b1820c1429b0.6752047b1890b1476babcP0.05(Doerr,1983)(ppm)--------------------------(g)------------------------02024a1914a1490a0.301932a1850a1414b0.901998a1882a1466ab2.701671b1583b1213cabcP0.05B1B1()05010015020025030001.252.5510LipaseAmylase(ppm)(/g)Osborne,198201020304050607001.252.5510TrypsinRNase(ppm)(/g)Osborne,1982051015202501.252.5510PlasmaCarotenoids(ppm)(µg/ml)Osborne,1982zzz01000200030004000500060007000IBDND0ppb100ppb200ppb400ppb6IBDNDSwamyDevegowda,1998abcdabccFDAFDA--„„20ppb20ppb--,,,,„„100ppb100ppb--,,„„200ppb200ppb--„„300ppb300ppb--„„0.5ppb0.5ppb--AA„„19651965„„„„77AA„„αα„„„„ochraceusochraceus((alutaceousalutaceous))verrucosumverrucosumpurpurescenspurpurescens„„18.518.5--40%;40%;44--3737CC„„,,,,,,,,„„,,,,,,,,,,,,AA„„„„„„„„„„DNADNARNARNA„„AAA01002003004005006007000ppm0.5ppm1.0ppm2.0ppm4.0ppm8.0ppmAHuffRuff,1982aabbcdeafcg(g)00.20.40.60.811.20ppm0.5ppm1.0ppm2.0ppm4.0ppm8.0ppmAHuffRuff,1982ededeca(g/100gBWT)ab0246810121416180ppm0.5ppm1.0ppm2.0ppm4.0ppm8.0ppmAHuffRuff,1982aaabbde(eq/ml)deAAA„„„„„„„„„„„„„„AA„2mg/kg„0.5mg/kg„2mg/kg„4mg/kg„2mg/kgLeeson1995–•A+•,,•,,•FBFB„„19881988„„FBFB11--FBFB44,A,A11+A+A22„„verticilioidesverticilioidesF.F.proliferatumproliferatum„„„„23%;23%;2828CC„„„„ELEM,PPE,ELEM,PPE,B1PPEPPE––B17FB1mg/kgkgkgkg:kg05.833.051.91255.843.031.93505.813.001.93SE.04.03.0121day–450mg/kgB114FB1mg/kgkgkgkg:kg021.36A8.27a2.58ab2521.80A8.23ab2.65a5020.39B7.98b2.55bSE.30.09.03P.05P.0621day–325mg/kgB1(Bermudez,1995)FB1mg/kg(g)(g)(g:g)02131a1060a2.01a1002031a1023ab1.98a2001649b885b1.87a4001197c602c1.98aabcP0.05BB11400mg/kgCCTTDD(75(75--475475mg/kg)mg/kg)„„(C)(C)„„((T+D)T+D)„„((C+T+D)C+T+D)„„((T)T)„„((D)D)B1,OHOROHCH3CH3CH3OROH+NH3FB1CH2OHOHNH2CH2OHOHNH2BB11--Palmitoyl-CoA+B1B1(Broomhead,2002)FB1mg/kgSA:SOSA:SO00.15B0.18C250.52A0.62B500.59A1.21ASE.03.11P.05B1(Li,1999)FB1E.coliE.coliE.coli(mg/kg)(min.)----(log10cfu/g)---02.10b4.61b4.94c502.15b4.51b5.16bc1002.46b4.58b5.33b2003.07a4.78a5.77aP.05B1NDV(Li,1999)FB11020(mg/kg)-----------(log10)------------03.57a4.40a503.47a4.35a1003.33a4.32a2003.50a4.13bP.05BB11((LiLi,,19991999))020406080100120ConAPWMLPSControl200mg/kgababFDAFDA„„--55ppmppm„„--5050ppmppm„„--1010ppmppm„„--5050ppmppm•T-2•HT-2•Neosolaniol(NEO)•8-Acetylneosolaniol(8-Ac-NEO)•4-Deacetylneosolaniol(4-DN)•4,15-(DAS)•15-Monoacetoxyscirpenol(MAS)•Nivalenol(NIV)•4-acetylnivalenol(Fusarenone-X)•(DON;)•3-(3-Ac-DON)Leeson1995„„„„––„„DNADNARNARNA„„12,1312,1399--1010„„,,,,,,,,(DON)1952002052102152202252302352401.7ppm49.4ppm116.1ppm181.7ppm210ppmDONMoran,1982aaac(g)bAFDONAFDON--(mg/kg)---(g)(g:g)00626a1.66b2.50521c1.70b016571b2.04a2.516488d2.17aHuff,1986DONDON((DanickeDanicke,2002),2002)FDAFDA--DONDON„„1010ppmppm––„„55ppmppm––„„55ppmppm––TT--22„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„T-2CAST,1989T-2CAST,1989TT--22(8(8ppmppm))„„„„„„„„z,z&zz,z,zzzPhillips,1987zJ.Amer.Vet.Med.zHSCASAFCa++Na+TetrahedralsheetOctahedralsheetTetrahedralsheetInterlayerRegionClayLayerInterlayerwatermoleculesInterlayercationsSiAl(Taylor,2000)HSCASAFB1(Ledoux,1999)AFB1HSCASFIBWGLiver(mg/kg)(%)(g)(g)(g/100g)00964a779a2.62b01979a788a2.62b40746b583b4.21a411000a796a2.68babP0.05ControlAFB1AFB1+HSCASEffectsofHSCASandAFB1onLiverofBroilers(Severeperiportalcytoplasmicvacuolationofhepatocytes)HSCASAFB1HSCASAFB1(Kubena,1991)AFB1HSCASBWGTPROT(mg/kg)(%)(g)(g)(g/100g)00583a2.45a2.95a00.5555a2.55a2.89a0.50472b1.83c1.17c0.50.5548a2.11b1.81babcP0.05HSCASAFB1(Lindemann,1993)AFB1HSCAS(ppb)(%)(kg)(kg)(kg:kg)001.13a0.52a0.58a00.51.20a0.55a0.60a84000.67b0.28b0.37b8400.51.17a0.48a0.47ababP0.01Chelation-ReasonforStrongBindingofAflatoxin?(Phillipsetal.,1990)OOOOOOCH31,3-diketonemoietyisuniquetoaflatoxinstructureCa++Na+Al+3(Taylor,2000)—+HSCASHSCASAFB1(Phillips,1990)OOOCH3OOOAlHSCASOOOCH3OCH3Ozzzzzzzzz2%zzzzAT-2(Diaz,2005)T-2Mycofix(mg/kg)(%)(g)(g)(g:g)0015781119a1.41b2016421024b1.61a2+16161111a1.46babP.05„„--,,,,„„„„„„//„„3939„„3737„„2626„„1010„„AFT-2AFT-2(mg/kg)(g)(g/100g)006590.502.505810.7004.06040.532.54.04720.82Huff,1988AFOAAFOA(mg/kg)(g)(g/100g)006000.562.505280.7602.05290.752.52.03601.12HuffDoerr,1981(Watts,2003)MM(0/+)(g)(g)01024758+971743MM=DON(1ppm),MON(5ppm),FB(5ppm),AF(100ppb),ZEA(1ppm),OA(0.5ppm)P.05P.06(Aravind,2003)MM(0/+)(g)(g)03018b1391b+2803a1259aMM=AF(168ppb),OA(8.4ppb),ZEA(54ppb),T-2(32ppb)abP.05(Swamy,2002)(FI),g(Gain),g264414172750145126331353SE1713FIP.05GainP.03DON(8.2ppm),FA(20.3ppm),ZEA(0.2ppm)0306090120OrganThreshold(%)ABCABCMycotoxinsEffectsofMultiplemycotoxinsABCABC100%((KaoKaoRobinson,1972Robinson,1972))00.511.522.533.544.5HistidineCysteineArginineC-WheatM-Wheat%((TindallTindall,1983),1983)0123456789EnergyProteinFatN.CornM.Corn%((BartovBartov,1985),1985)00.5