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摘要此次毕业设计中，设计任务是将一台XA6132普通升降台卧式铣床，改造成三坐标数控铣床。采用滚珠丝杠作为传动装置。共有三根丝杠分别在纵向，横向工作台和垂直向升降台上。驱动元件为步进电机。微机数控系统由CPU、存储扩展电路和I/O接口电路、伺服电机驱动电路等几部分组成。数控系统的核心是微机，其它装置均在微机的控制下进行工作。系统的功能和系统中所用的微机直接相关。数控系统对微机的要求是多方面的，但主要指标是字长和速度，字长不仅影响系统的最大加工尺寸，而且影响加工的精度和运算精度。本设计采用的是MCS—51机，并扩展2片2764芯片，1片6264芯片，3片8155可编程并行I/O等组成的控制系统。结合毕业设计的的工作和时间的限制，机械部分主要解剖三个坐标轴，完成机械结构设计，零件和参数的选择，部分计算过程；电气和微机部分主要有硬件原理图和程序框图，以及部分程序段，共计五张A0图。此次毕业设计中，我熟悉了机电一体化设计的基本过程，并把各门所学的知识融会贯通形成一个有机的整体，为以后的设计工作打下了良好的基础，同时我也深深的体会到了不足之处，准备在今后的工作中不断学习，不断实践。关键词：XA6132普通升降台卧式铣床，数控，改造IAbstractInthistimegraduationdesign,thedesignmissionistoreformasetofXA6132commonworkingpanellifterlyingtypemillerintothethreecoordinatenumbercontrollingmiller，adoptingtheballguidescrewasthetransmissiondevice.Therearethreesilkbardifferenttotallyatlengthways,horizontalworkpedestalandperpendicularitytoascendanddescendonthestage.Thedrivingcomponentisthesteppingelectricalengineering.ThetinymachinenumbercontrolsthesystemfromtheCPU,savetoexpandtheelectriccircuitandI/Oconnectsapeople'selectriccircuit,servoelectricalengineeringtodrivetheelectriccircuitetc.severalpartsconstitute.Thenumbercontrolsthecoreofthesystemisatinymachine,theotherequipstoallcarryontheworkunderthecontrolofthetinymachine.Thetinymachineuseisdirectlyrelatedinthefunctionandsystemsofthesystem.Thenumbercontrolstherequestofsystemtotinymachineisvarious,butthemainindexsignisawordtogrowandspeed,thewordislongnotonlyaffectthesystembiggesttoprocessthesize,andtheaccuracythatinfluenceprocessandoperationaccuracy.WhatthisdesignadoptionismachinesMCS-51s,andexpand2slicesof2764chips,asliceof6264chips,3slicesof8155programmableproceedtogethertoconstitutethecontrolsystem.Becausetheworkofgraduationprojectandrestrictionoftime,themechanicalpartdissectsthreecoordinateaxesmainly,finishesmechanicalstructuraldesign,thechoicesofthepartandparameter,somecomputationalprocesses;Electricandthecomputerparthaveprinciplepicturesofhardwareandprocedureblockdiagram,andsomeproceduresectionsmainly,itisfiveA0picturealtogether.Inthistimegraduationdesign,Iacquaintedwiththemachineelectricityintegralwholetoturnthebasicprocessofdesign,andintegratetheknowledgethateachonelearntobecomeanorganicwhole,isalaterdesignworktobeattodescendthegoodfoundation,Ialsorealizedtheplaceoftheshortagedeeplyatthesametime,preparingtostudycontinuouslyintheworkoftheaftertime,practicingcontinuously.Keywords:TheXA6132universalknee-typemillingmachine,thenumbercontrol,reform.II目录摘要................................................................IAbstract...........................................................II目录..............................................................III第一章绪论........................................................11.1数控机床改造的意义..........................................11.2国内外的数控机床的比较......................................11.3数控未来发展的趋势..........................................21.3.1继续向开放式、基于PC的第六代方向发展..................21.3.2向高速化和高精度化发展................................21.3.3向智能化方向发展......................................2第二章设计任务和总体方案的确定.....................................42.1设计任务....................................................42.2总体方案设计的内容..........................................42.2.1伺服驱动...............................................42.2.2数控装置...............................................52.2.3系统功能...............................................52.2.4采用环形分配器.........................................52.2.5采用滚珠丝杠螺母副.....................................5第三章伺服系统机械部分设计计算.....................................63.1确定系统脉冲当量............................................63.2滚珠丝杠螺母副的设计，计算和选型............................63.2.1纵向丝杠的选择.........................................73.2.2横向丝杠的选择.........................................93.2.3垂直向丝杠的选择......................................123.3传动效率计算................................................143.4齿轮传动比计算.............................................153.4.1纵向丝杠传动比........................................153.4.2横向丝杠的传动比......................................153.4.3垂直丝杠的传动比......................................163.5步进电机的计算和选用.......................................163.5.1纵向丝杠步进电机的计算................................163.5.2横向丝杠步进电机计算..................................193.5.3垂直向丝杠步进电机的计算..............................21第四章数控系统各部件的结构及其工作原理............................24III4.1主控器......................................................244.2选择芯片....................................................264.3地址分配器及译码............................................264.4接口电路及辅助电路具体设计..................................27专题部分：控制系统软件程序设计.....................................32第五章绿色设计及环保分析..........................................40致谢...............................................................41参考文献...........................................................42IV1第一章绪论1.1数控机床改造的意义企业要在当前市场需求多变，竞争激烈的环境中生存和发展就需要迅速地更新和开发出新产品，以最低价格、最好的质量、最短的时间去满足市场需求的不断变化。而普通机床已不适应多品种、小批量生产要求，数控机床综合了数控技术、微电子技术、自动检测技术等先进技术，最适宜加工小批量、高精度、形状复杂、生产周期要求短的零件。当变更加工对象时只需要换零件加工程序，无需对机床作任何调整，因此能很好地满足产品频繁变化的加工要求。数控机床在机械加工行业中的应用越来越广泛。数控