人教版八年级一单元知识点汇总

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1UNITONE第一部分:重难点一.不定代词:即不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词比如some,any,all,both,none,either,neither,each,every1.some一些,某些,某个不定代词some可以代替名词和形容词,常用在肯定句中作主语、宾语、定语等。作定语时,它可以修饰可数名词(单、复数皆可)和不可数名词。例如:somearedoctors,somearenurses.有些人是医生,有些人是护士。(作主语)2.any一些,任何不定代词any可以代替名词和形容词,常用在否定句或疑问句中作主语、宾语、定语等。作定语时,它可以修饰可数名词(多为复数)和不可数名词。例如:thereisn’tanyinkinmypen.我的钢笔没有墨水。(作定语)不定代词any有时也可以用在肯定句中,表示任何的。例如:youmaycomeatanytime;I'llbehomethewholeday.你任何时候来都行,我整天都将呆在家里。不定代词any也可以用作副词,做状语,表示程度。例如:isheanybettertoday?他今天好一点了吗?3.all全体,所有(指三者以上)不定代词all在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语或同位语。它可以代表或修饰可数名词和不可数名词。代表或修饰可数名词时,指两个以上的人或物。作先行词时,引导词用that。例如:allwerepresentatthemeeting.全都到会了。(作主语,代表可数名词)4.both全部,都不定代词both指两个人或事物。和all一样,可以用作主语、宾语、定语或同位语。例如:weinvitedbothtocometoourfarm.我们邀请两个人都来我们的农场?(作宾语)5.none无人或无2不定代词none的含义和all物相反,和noone,notany同义,但其用法相当于名词,在句子中一般作主语或宾语。它代替不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;代替可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单、复数皆可。例如:noneoftheproblemsis/areeasytosolve.这些问题没有一个是容易解决的。(作主语,代替可数名词)6.either两者之中的任何一个,这个或那个。不定代词either可以作主语、宾语和定语。例如:eitherofthemwillagreetothisarrangment.他们两人中会有人同意这样的安排的。(作主语)7.neither两者都不不定代词neither是either的否定形式,可以作主语、宾语和定语。例如:neitherisinteresting.两个都没有趣。(作主语)8.each每个,各自的不定代词each指每一个人或事物的个别情况,甚至指这些个别情况各不相同。它在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。例如:shegavethechildrentwoappleseach.她给了每个小孩两个苹果。(作thechildren的同位语。)9.every每个,每一的,一切的不定代词every有全体的意思,和all的意义相近,但只能作定语。二.复合不定代词1.some,any,every,no都能和one,body,thing一起构成代词,这些代词叫复合不定代词。2.复合不定代词在句子中作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。如:Nobodyknowshisname.没有人知道他的名字。3.不定代词的定语要后置。Eg:Isthereanythingimportantintoday’snewspaper?今天的报纸上有什么重要新闻吗?4.some-不定代词,通常用于肯定句中;any-不定代词则多用于否定句、疑问句中。但some-可用于表请求、邀请、预料对方会作肯定回答时的疑问句中。Eg:Someoneiscallingme.Thereisn’tanyoneelsethere.Isanybodyoverthere?3Couldyougivemesomethingtoeat?练习:用不定代词或不定副词填空:1.Ican’thearanything=Icanhear_________.2.Thereis__________onthefloor.Pleasepickitup.3.Did________gotoplaybasketballwithyou?4.Iphonedyoulastnight,but________answeredit.5.Maybe__________putmypencil_________.Ican’tfindit___________.6Noone________howtodoit.A.knowB.knowsC.knowingD.knew7Everything_____OK,isn’tit?A.wasB.areC.andD.is8There’s________inthenewspaper.Youshouldreadit.A.importantsomethingB.somethingboringC.boringsomethingD.somethingimportant.第二部分:基础知识点1.goonvacation去度假beonvacation在度假2.How/whatabout+V-ing/n/代词…怎么样?(表建议、询问)3.moststudents=mostofthestudents“oneof+themost+adj+n复数”表示“最…之一”Eg:HeisoneofthemostfamouswritersinChina.Amost+adj+n非常Eg:Hangzhouisamostbeautifulcity.4.buy/getsbsth=buy/getsthforsb5.whatdoyouthinkof/about…?=howdoyoulike…?你认为…怎么样?6.havefun,enjoyoneself,haveagood/great/wonderfultime+V-ing,7.主语+seem+(tobe)+表语(n/adj)eg:Tomseemstobeasmartboy/happy.Itseemsthat从句eg:Itseemsthatheunderstand.主语+seemtodostheg:Heseemstounderstand.8.adj以-ing结尾“令人…的”exciting,interesting,relaxing,boring以-ed结尾“人感到…的”excited,interested,relaxed,bored9.询问价格:Howmuchis…?What’sthepriceof…?表示价格高低:…beexpensive/cheapThepriceof…ishigh/low10.getto,arrivein/at,reach,到达(如果后面接地点的副词home,here或there,就不用介词in,at,to)11.decide(not)tododecidethat从句decide+疑问词+不定式12.try(not)todosth尽力trydoingsth尝试try/doone’sbesttodosthtryiton试穿(动副结构)tryout试验haveatry试一试13.feellike感觉像feellikedoingsth/wanttodosth/wouldliketodosth14.alotof=lotsof=plentyof15.inthepast在过去16.enjoy/likedoing417.感叹句:How+adj+主谓!How+adj+a/an+n单+主谓!What+a/an+adj+n单+主谓!What+adj+n复/不可数+主谓!18.morethan=over超过lessthan少于moreorless或多或少19.waitfor等待20.toomany“太多”修饰可数名词复数toomuch“太多”修饰不可数名词muchtoo“实在太”修饰形容词或副词21.because+从句becauseof+n/V-ing/代词22enough作adj修饰n,enoughtimeenoughmoneyhaveenough…todostheg:Ihaveenoughtimetofinishthework.enough作adv修饰adj/advoldenoughfastenougheg:Thejobiseasyenoughformetodo.not…enoughtodoThebookisn’teasyenoughformetoread.too…to…Thebookistoodifficultformetoread.so…that…ThebookissodifficultthatIcan’tread.23.thenextday第二天24,remember/forget+todo要做+doing做过25.Stopsbfromdoingsth阻止Stoptodo停下来去做其他事Stopdoing停止正在做的事26.anothertwohours=twomorehours27.atthetopof在…顶端,名列…之前强调点onthetopof在…上面强调面28.findout查明,弄清find找到(结果)lookfor寻找(过程)29.goonwith/doingsth继续原来的事goontodosth继续做别的事30.so+adj+that+结果状语从句“如此……以致……”eg:IwassobusythatIdidn’tgotosleepfor3days.sothat引导目的状语从句,以便,为了(inorderto)eg:theygotupearlysothattheycouldcatchtheearlybus.课后练习一、用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Ididn’tfind______(someone)there.2.Isthere_______(something)importantintoday’snewspaper?3.Look!Thereis_______(anybody)athome.Thelightison.4.Amy_______(meet)afamousactoryesterday.5.There_______(be)forty-fivestudentsinourclasslastterm.6.MissGreen________(come)toChinain2008.57.LittleTom_______(be)hereamomentago.8.She_________(buy)anewbagyesterday.二、单项选择()1.----_____you______tothemovies?----Yes,Idid.A.DidwentB.DidgoC.Arewent()2.-----Howwasyourweekend?------Great!We_______apicnicinthepark.A.haveB.hasC.had()3.MrsGreenwithherlittledaughter_______athome______thatrainynight.A.wasonB.wereonC.wasat()4.---Whotoldyoutocleanthewindows?---MissWang______A.toldB.didC.hastold()5.----Doyoualways_______tothezoo?-----Yes,I______yesterday.A.gogoB.gowentC.wentgo()6.----______thereanykoalasinthezoolastyear?----No,there______.A.Arearen’tB.Werewasn’tC.Wereweren’t()7.-----Didyougowith______?------Yes,Idid.A.someoneB.anyoneC.somebody()8.---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