独立主格结构

独立主格结构•一、怎么理解独立主格结构？•独立主格结构有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、现在分词和过去分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前一部分是后一部分的逻辑主语（即意思上的主语）。•独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。•理解独立主格结构作状语要先理解非谓语动词作状语！！！！！！！•非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语须与主句主语保持一致。如，Finishingthework,hewenthome.•finishing的逻辑主语就是主句主语he(主动关系)。•Followedbysomestudents,theteachercamein.followed的逻辑主语就是主句主语theteacher（被动关系）•若不一致（非谓语动词的主语不是主句主语），非谓语动词形式须另带主语，从而构成独立主格结构。如，Timepermitting,wewillgoforapicnic.permitting的逻辑主语不是主句主语we，所以要加上自己的主语time，构成独立主格结构，其功能与非谓语动词一样，在句中做状语。•Theworkfinished,theywenthome.•二、独立主格结构的具体构成方式•1.名词/代词+现在分词(主动关系)•Thegirlstaringathim,hedidn'tknowwhattosay.•Timepermitting,wewillgoforanoutingtomorrow.•2.名词/代词+过去分词（被动关系）•Theproblemssolved，theywenthome.•Herglassesbroken，shecouldn'tseethewordsontheblackboard.•3.名词/代词+不定式(表将要发生的动作)•Alotofworktodo,Ican’tgoout.•Thestudentsweredividedintothreegroups,eachtofinishonethirdofthework.•4.名词/代词+形容词•Anairaccidenthappenedtotheplane,nobodyalive.•Somanypeopleabsent,themeetinghadtobecalledoff.•5.名词/代词+副词•Heputonhissweater,wrongsideout.•Themeetingover,theyallwenthome.•6.名词/代词+介词短语•Theboygoestotheclassroom,bookinhand.•Marywassittingnearthefire,herbacktowardsthedoor.•7.Therebeing+名词（代词）•Therebeingnothingelsetodo,wewenthome.•Therebeingnobus,wehadtowalkhome.•8.Itbeing+名词（代词）•ItbeingChristmas,thegovernmentofficeswereclosed.由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。•Itbeingaholiday,alltheshopswereshut.由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了•注：独立主格结构有时可在其前加上介词with构成with的复合结构，其也在句中作状语。如：Hesattherewithhiseyesclosed.•=Hiseyesclosed,hesatthere.•Ican’tgooutwithalltheseclothestowash.•=Alltheseclothestowash,Ican’tgoout.•Let’shaveatry!•Forthispart,let’shaveacompetition!•Boysvsgirls•Therearesomeexercisesaboutwhatwehavelearnedjustnow.Ifyouknowtheanswertoeachquestion,pleasestandupandgiveyouranswerloudly.Ifyouareright,yougetonepointforyourteam.Iwilladdupyourscoresattheend.Wewillseewhichteamwins,boysorgirls?•1.____moreandmoreforestsdestroyed,manyanimalsarefacingthedangerofdyingout.•A.becauseB.asC.WithD.Since•2.Thebuswascrowdedwithpassengers,mostof________carryingheavybagsandbasketsfulloffruitandvegetables.•A.themB.whoC.whomD.whichCA•3.Thecave________verydark,helitsomecandles________light.•A.was;givenB.was;togiveC.being;givenD.being;togive•4.Thesoldierrushedintothecave,hisrighthand________agunandhisface________withsweat.•Aheld;coveredB.holding;coveringC.holding;coveredD.held;coveringDC•5.Thegirlwassmilingsweetly,herlonghair_________.•A.flowedinthebreezeB.wasflowinginthebreeze•C.wereflowinginthebreezeD.flowinginthebreezeD•6.Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons_________fortheday.•A.finishingB.finishedC.hadfinishedD.werefinished•7.OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_________parentsseatedtogetherjoking.•A.theirB.whoseC.whichD.thatBA•8._______,theywillgoandvisitthezoo.•A.WeatherpermittingB.Weatherpermitted•C.WeatherbeingpermittedD.WeatherhavingpermittedA•9._______twoexamstoworryabout,Ihavetoworkreallyhardthisweekend•A.WithB.BesidesC.AsforD.Becauseof•10.Icouldn’tdomyhomework•withallthatnoise_______(goon).•11.Isendyou100dollars,therest_______(follow)inayear.Agoingontofollow•12.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands_______(tie)behindhisback.•13.Withalotofdifficultproblems_______(solve),thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.•14.Everything_______(take)intoconsideration,theyoughtto•haveanotherchance.tiedtosolvetaken•15.(改错)Hecameintotheroom,hisearswereredwithcold.•16.(改错)Hecameoutofthelibrary,alargebookwasunderhisarm.•17.Moretime_______(give),weshouldhavedonethejobmuchbetter.given