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1名词的功用。当主语，补语，受词1.名词的种类单数/复数普通名词bookpencil.Dog.Spaceship宇宙飞船、集合名词class,family,audience听众。例如1.Myfamilyislarge.我家是一个大家庭。2.Myfamilyareallearlyrisers起早的人。我家人都起的很早.专用名词Bob,Smith,April,London.-----专用名词前不能加冠词不加S下面的专用名词需要加上定冠词。Theunitedstates.美国TheunitedNations.联合国。物质名词glasswoodpaperbutterfruit数字＋容器（度量衡）＋of＋物质名词aloafofbread一片面包。Loavesofbread很多面包Acupofcoffee.一杯咖啡。Asheetofpaper.一张纸。Twosheetsofpaper.两张纸Aspoonfulofsugar一勺糖。抽象名词beauty美丽honesty诚实love爱patience耐心happiness幸福music音乐。2.名词的数单数/个数2以上是复数名词字尾加s大多数dogdogsbookbooksgirlgirls名词字尾为s.sh.ch.x.o加esclassesbusesdishesbenchesboxes名词字尾为子音加o，加es如tomatoes例外photospianos名词字尾为＋y的复数名词要去y＋iesbaby-babiesstory-storiescity-citieslady-ladies名词字尾为f或fe去f/fe＋ves如leaf-leavesknife-kniveswife-wives例外handkerchiefschiefsroofs不规则变化的复数名名词字尾加en,或ren如Ox-oxen,child-children改变母音如man-menwoman-womengoose-geesetooth-teethmouse-mice单复数同形如fishdeersheepchinesesjapaneseOnefishtwofish(个)akindoffishtwokindsoffishes（种）3.名词的所有格单数名词：名词's例如Theboy'sschoolbag/Joan'sdress复数名词：名词s'例如agirls'school/thesestudents'teacher字尾非s的复数名词:名词's例如children'splayground操场特别注意的所有格用法共同所有格：名词＋名词＋名词's个别所有格：名词's＋名词's＋名词's1HarryandBill'sfatherisascientist2.Harry'sandBill'sfathersarescientists（无）生物所有格：A的BBofAthelegsofthetablethedoorofthecarthegirl'sname有生命的东西可以这样用thenameofthegirl所有格之后的名词如在句中非常容易理解时可以省略1.she'sgoingtothedentist's2．Imethimatthebarber's（shop）3.WeliketoeatlunchatMcDonald's.我们在麦当老吃午餐。24．冠词分为不定冠词a/an及定冠词the,它通常放在名词前用来修饰名词a/an的用法子音开头的单数用aabookagirlayoungaman母音开头的单数用an母音有5个(ＡＥIＯＵ)anappleanumbrellaanoldwomana/an的发音Ireadanovel.Ireadanovel,nottwo.the的用法----母音前读（they）子音前的读（the）theapplethenovelPleaseshutthedoor.特指一定要加theThericharen'talwayshappy.the+形容词泛指“~~~的人”。一般动词的现在时1.be动词的现在时amareis是…在…Wearehappy.SheisinAmerica.主词（S）＋be动词(V)第一人称Iamaboy.第二人称、第三人称they/复数名词you、they、复数＋areYouaremysons.你们是我的儿子。第三人称单数+is.Heismystudent.Be动词的否定:am/are/is＋notHeisnotagoodbaseballplayer.Heisn'tagoodbaseballplayer.He’snotagoodbaseballplayer.arenotaren’tBe动词的疑问句肯定句:主词＋am/are/is疑问句:am/are/is＋主词Thatishiscamera.Isthathiscamera?Thegirlisajuniorhighschoolstudent.seniorhighschool高中Isthegirlajuniorhighschoolstudent?juniorhighschool初中Be动词开头的疑问句可用yes或no回答:Yes,Sbe.No,Sbenot.Isthatmanyourmathteacher？Yes,heis.No,heisn'tNo,heismyPEteacher.Areyoueatingyourlunch？Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot.2.一般动词的现在式习惯性的动作正在做的动作主词＋一般动词现在时中主词为第三人称单数：一般动词＋s或esIlikedogs.Welikedogs.Youlikedogs.Youlikedogs.Helikesdogs.Theylikedogs.第三人称单数＋s一般动词加s或es的方法:大部分动词加s发音为s或z。works无声[s]，plays有声[z]一般动词字尾为osshch时加esgoes[z]washes[iz]watches[iz]一般动词字尾音为y时去y加iescrycriesstudystudiesHave和hashave（有/吃）的单数动词为has。Theyhavealotofmoney.(不可数)Hehasalotofmoney.三单数用has3一般动词的否定句:不可在一般动词后加not必须用助动词do/doesdo用于主词为Iyou复数does用于主词为第三人称单数否定句:主词＋do/does＋not＋原型动词Thetwinbrothersgotoschoolbybus.Thetwinbrothersdonotgotoschoolbybus.don'tSamhasdinnerattherestaurant.Samdoesn'thavedinnerattherestaurant.一般动词的疑问句：Do/Does＋主词＋动词原型。YouvisityourgrandmotheronSunday.DoyouvisityourgrandmotheronSunday?HecomesfromEngland.DoeshecomefromEngland？do/does开头的疑问句回答:用yes/no之后用do/does回答Doesthelittleboygotoschool?Yes,hedoes.No,hedoesn't一般过去式be动词一般动词的过去式be动词的过去式was/weream/is-asare-were过去时be动词的动词表示过去时间中发生的状态，现在不现在式Heisbusynow.过去式Hewasbusythen.那时他很忙。时间副词改变，动词时态也必须改变。Myparentsareathomenow。我的父母现在在家。Myparentswereathomeyesterday.我的父母昨天在家。Be动词(过去式)的否定句：主词＋was/were＋notMrbrownwasavet.否定Mrbrownwasn'tavet.Joeandbrianwereinthelivingroomatthattime.atthattime=then否定Joeandbrianweren'tinthelivingroomatthattime,Be动词过去式的疑问句：was/were＋主词Wendywasintheseventhgradelastyear.Wendy去年读7年级。WasWendyintheseventhgradelastyear?Wereyouapianist?Piano钢琴pianist钢琴家。Yes,Iwas.No,Iwasn't.一般动词的过去式：规则变化/不规则变化规则变化+ed[t][d][id],无声则[t]，有声则[d],字尾是[t]或[d]则[id]原型动词＋edhelped[p][t]spelled[l][d]wanted[t][id]needed原型动词有e＋dloveddancedanced有例外writeworte原型动词为子音＋短母音＋子音（本身比较短）：重复字尾加ed如stoppedplanned原型动词为子音有y,去y加ied如study-studiedcry-cried不规则变化eat-ateread（瑞得）-read（瑞爱得）注意写法一样读音不同ride-rodecome-camehave-hadsee-sawgo-wentteach-taughtgive-gavetake-tookIwalktoschooleveryday.Iwalkedtoschoolyesterday.4动词随着时间改变形态Mothergoestoasupermarketeverymorning.Motherwenttoasupermarketyesterdaymorning.主词为第三人称单数过去式不需加s。过去式不分人称一般动词（过去式）的否定句:需用助动词Did/Do肯定句:主词+一般动词过去式否定句:主词+didnot+动词原型Hecalledyoulastnight.Hedidin'tcallyoulastnight.MysisterandIwatchedTValldayyesterday.MysisterandIdidn'twatchTValldayyesterday.并非看了一整天电视，看了notall并非didn'tall并非一般动词（过去式）的疑问句肯定句：主词＋一般动词过去式疑问句：Did＋主词＋原型Hisfriendswenttothatmovielastweek.他的朋友们上周去看电影了。Didhisfriendsgotothatmovielastweek？GracewrotealettertoDavid.DidGracewritealettertoDavid?Yes,shedid.No,shedidn't.代名词人称代词人称代词第一人称单数第二人称单数第三人称单数第一人称复数第二人称复数第三人称复数主格Iyouhe/she/itweyouthey宾格meyouhim/her/itusyouthem汉语我你他/她/它我们你们他（她、它）们形容词性物主代词myyourhis/her/itsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshis/hers/itsoursyourstheirs汉语我的你的他的/她的/它的我们的你们的他（她、它）们的主格，所有格，受格的用法：主格＋动词Helikessports.所有格＋名词Hisfriendsareoverthere.他的朋友们都在那里。一般动词＋受词/介系词Thegirlloveshimverymuch.这个女孩非常爱他。whoisit?你是谁啊？（没有看见的时候问的）It'sI.(正常)It'sme.这个用的人多。it的用法:it可表示天候时间距离等等1.Itrainsalotofintaipieiinspring.在春天的台北下很多雨。2.Itwastwoo'clockwhenhecameback.当他回到家时是2点钟了。3.It'sfivekilometersfromheretotheairport