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成分及句型一、句子成分（一）什么是？构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主语，谓语，表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语。句子成分详解表句子成分意义充当词类例句主语表示句子说的是什么人或什么事名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或句子WestudyinHuangQiaoMiddleSchool.谓语说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样动词或动词词组Sheisdancingunderthetree.宾语表示动作行为的对象同主语BothofuslikeEnglish.表语与联系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质或特征同主语Herfatherisachemist.Hiswordssoundreasonable.定语用来修饰名词或代词形，代，数，名,副，介词短语或句子Wehaveeightlessonseveryday.状语修饰动词，形容词，副词，表示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，结果等副词，介词短语或句子Heworksveryhard.TheyheldapartyinHollywood.宾语补足语逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形容词，名词，介词短语等Shealwayskeepsthehouseclean.主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！主语句子的主体表示句子说的是什么人或什么事，全句述说的对象。常置于句首。•Ilikefootball.•Theboyneedsapen.•WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass•Therichshouldhelpthepoor.•WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.•Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.谓语说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样.主要由动词担任Thetrainleavesat6o’clock.Iwantaticket.Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Hehascaughtabadcold.宾语宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。Hewonthegame.Tomlosthislifeinthebigfire.Hecanspelltheword.Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.•有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前Hewrotemealetter.(他给我写了一封信)•有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语Hewrotealettertome.(他给我写了一封信)表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任.MynameisMaryHeisastudentThreetimessevenistwentyoneTheweatherhasturnedcoldThemeetingisofgreatimportance.除了be系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词1)表感官的动词:feel,smell,taste,sound,look,appear,seem等2)表转变变化的动词:become,get,grow,turn,go3)表延续的动词:remain,keep,hold,stay,rest定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任TheblackbikeismineGuilinisabeautifulcityChinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprisedHeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整句修饰动词，通常位于动词后Heworkshard修饰形容词或副词时，位于被修饰的词之前；Iamverysorry表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeateacher一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前Weoftenhelphim宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么Iconsiderthebooktooexpensive.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder•英语句型•简单句•并列句•复合句简单句主系表结构主语+系动词+表语.主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。Youarestudents.Weareintheclassroom.Wearegoodfriends系动词有:1.表示特征和存在状态的be,seem,feel,appear,look,smell,taste,sound;2.表示状态延续的remain,stay,keep,continue,stand;3.表示状态变化的become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow;TreesaregreenOurEnglishteacheristhirtyyearsoldThepotatoeswentbadinthefieldsHerjobistolookafterthechildreninthenursery主谓结构主语+不及物的动词YouwillgraduatenextyearThecaraccidenthappenedyesterday主谓宾结构主语+及物动词+宾语Ilikemyjobverymuch.HegrewsomevegetablesIhaveadreamIlikebasketball主谓双宾主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语HegavehissisterthepianoHegavethepianotohissister常跟双宾语的动词bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask,buy主谓宾宾补主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补WesawthemdancingYoukeptmewaitingforayearLastweekIwenttothesupermarket.LastweekIwenttothesupermarket.状主谓状Theplaywasveryinteresting.Theplaywasveryinteresting.主系状表Ican’thearaword.Ican’thearaword.主谓宾Theyweretalkingloudly.Theyweretalkingloudly.主谓状并列句简单句+并列连词+简单句相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系Youhelphimandhehelpsyou1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,then等连接。e.g.Theteacher’snameisSmith,andthestudent’snameisJohn.2、表示选择，常用的连词有or,either…or…,otherwise等。e.g.Hurryup,oryou’llmissthetrain.2、表示选择，常用的连词有or,either…or…,otherwise等。e.g.Hurryup,oryou’llmissthetrain.3、表示转折，常用的连词有but,yet,while等。e.g.Hewasalittlemanwiththickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting.Heaskedhisfatherwhyhecouldn’thatchchickenswhilehenscould.Althoughthemattersoundsstrange,yetitisreallytrue.4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so,for等。e.g.Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriceharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Heshookhishead,forhethoughtdifferently•UnlikewatchingTV,readingisahighlyactiveprocess___itrequiresattentionaswellasmoneyandimagination.A.untilB.butC.unlessD.for•SheisAmerican,____sheknowslittleaboutAmericanhistory.A.soB.yetC.andD.therefore复合句主句+连词+从句；或连词+从句+主句含有一个或一个以上从句，含有两个或两个以上主谓结构TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild练习:简单句、并列句和复合句判断下列句子是简单句,并列句还是复合句：1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.3.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn’tthere?4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.简单句复合句简单句简单句