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TEACHER:MRLIUGrammarNon-finiteVerbs找出各句的谓语动词并指出其具体形式1.Don'tteachfishtoswim.2.Hehadagoodmemorylikeanelephant.3.Itwouldbeawasteofmoneybuildingsuchaluxuriousvilla.1哪些是动词的谓语形式？4.Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.5.Whenaskedwhy,pleasejustkeepsilent.6.Thepresidentwaswarmlywelcomedbytheresidents.1谓语动词的形式包括主动句各种时态下的谓语形式和被动句各种时态下的谓语形式以及情态动词与动词连用的各种形式。谓语动词和非谓语动词的判断谓语动词和非谓语动词在高中英语教和学中具有重要意义，主要表现在写作，语法填空和阅读长难句判断中。例如：典型例子：Therearemanypeoplestandatthegate.Standing的误用1.Togetupearlyisgoodforourhealth.2.Iwanttogetupearly.3.Hisdreamistobeateacher.4.Iseehimsinging.5.Doyouhavesomethingtosay?6.Singinganddancing,thestudentscameintotheclassroom.1．性质：它具有动词的特点，但在句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的作用，充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语的作用，即：除谓语以外一切成分。非谓语动词2．形式不定式相当于名词、形容词、副词。充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语。动名词相当于名词充当主语、表语、宾语、定语。分词相当于形容词、副词。作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语形成分主语表语宾语定语状语补足语不定式√√√√√√动名词√√√√××分词×√×√√√3．语态必须搞清逻辑主语与非谓语动词的关系，从而来确定非谓语动词态的语态。过去分词v-ed不定式to+v动词的v-ing非谓语动词表将来，主动。表进行，主动表完成，被动不定式的被动式在表示被动的同时还兼表示未来。现在分词的完成式也表示完成，尤其是表示有明显先后时间关系的完成。现在分词的被动式在表示被动的同时还将表示进行。1.动词-ing形式的一般式可用来泛指一个动作，没有特别的时间意义。Swimmingisherfavoritesport.Learningisimportanttomodernlife.2.动词-ing形式的一般式可用来表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作。Theywentoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.3.动词-ing形式的一般式有时也可表示在谓语动词的动作之前或之后发生的动作。Irememberedsendinghimane-maillastweek.HesuggestedtakingmydaughtertothezoothenextSunday.A动词-ing形式的一般式形式动词-ing形式的完成式表示一个已完成的动作，这个动作发生或完成在谓语动词表示的动作之前。Havinglivedinthiscityforthreeyears,sheknowsitverywell.点津坊在现代英语中，作宾语的动词-ing形式的完成式可用一般式来代替。Ireallyregrettedmissingsuchanexcitinglecture.(=Ireallyregrettedhavingmissedsuchanexcitinglecture.)B动词-ing形式的完成式动词-ing形式的被动形式表示它的逻辑主语是动词-ing形式表示的动作的承受者。Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.Ican'tstandbeingkeptwaiting.Havingbeenshownthelab,weweretakentoseetheschoollibrary.动词-ing形式的否定形式由not加动词-ing形式构成。Hisnotcomingmadeeveryonepresentverydisappointed.A动词-ing形式作主语1.动词-ing形式可直接置于句首作主语。Seeingisbelieving.=Toseeistobelieve.2.为了保持句子平衡，通常用先行词it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句末。Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.It'sawasteoftimearguingaboutit.成分动词-ing形式作主语的几个常用句型。It'snogoodtalkingtohim.Itisuselesstelephoninghim.Heisnotwillingtocome.It‘sworthmakinganeffort.Thereisnosayingwhenitwillstopraining.Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.必背B动词-ing形式作表语1.表示主语的内容Herjobiskeepingthelecturehallascleanaspossible.2.表示主语具有的特征Theproblemisquitepuzzling.1.Herworkis______(look)afterthechildren.2.Myaimis______(go)toTsinghuaUniversity.3.Oneofmybadhabitis______(bite)nails（指甲）.C动词-ing形式作宾语动词-ing形式既可作及物动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语。1能用动词-ing形式作宾语的及物动词可分两类，一类是只能用动词-ing形式作宾语，另一类是既可用动词-ing形式作宾语，也可用不定式作宾语。①只能用-ing形式作宾语的动词(这类动词只能用-ing形式作宾语，不能用不定式作宾语。)Fancymeetingyouhere!Isuggestdoingitinadifferentway.避免错过少延期→avoid,miss,putoff,postpone建议完成多练习→suggest,finish,practice喜欢想象经不住→enjoy,imagine,can'thelp承认否定与妒忌→admit,deny,envy逃避冒险莫原谅→escape,risk,excuse,忍受保持不介意→stand,keep,mind词组有→admitto/prefer…to/beusedto/leadto/devoteoneselfto/objectto/stickto/bebusy/lookforwardto/（to为介词）nogood\nouse/It'sworth…/aswellas/can'thelp/It'snouse\good/betiredof/befondof/becapableof/beafraidof/beproudof/thinkof\about/holdoff/putoff/keepon/insiston/counton\upon/setabout/besuccessfulin/goodat/takeup/giveup/burstout/prevent…from…只能接动名词做宾语的动词常见的有：Practice1.Hewasinlowspiritsandevenconsider_____(go)away.2.Practise_____(put)yourhandtotheground.3.Ican’thelp______(have)thetriptoBritain.4.Don’ttellmeyoualwaysescape_____(fine)becauseyouhaveafastsportscar.5.Leaveoff______(bite)yournails!6.Hedidn’tfeellike______(work),sohesuggested_____(spend)thedayinthegarden.7.Youcertainlymustn’tmiss_______(see)thewonderfulfilm.8.Thedoctoradvised______(stay)longerinhospital.9.Weappreciateyour______(want)______(help)usinourdifficulties.10.Michaelhasdelayed______(write)tohertilltoday.11.Thelawforbids______(sell)liquortochildren.12.Theyallsuggested______(give)morechances.13.Canyouimagine______(leave)standingoutsideforawholenight.14.Theybuiltthebankstopreventtheareafrom_______(flood).这类动词虽然既能用-ing形式作宾语，也能用不定式作宾语，但用法并不相同，主要有以下几种情况：有些动词，如attempt,continue,hate,intend,like,love,prefer等，后面接动词-ing形式或不定式区别不是很大。Theypreferspending/tospendtheirsummervacationinDalian.Iintendtobuy/buyinganEnglish-Chinesedictionary.提示应尽量避免接连出现两上动词-ing形式。IamstartingtolearnRussian.IamstartinglearningRussian.②既可用动词-ing形式作宾语，也可用不定式作宾语(√)☆有些动词或词组后可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有所不同。cometodo表示一个渐渐发展的过程Ihopeweshallbefriendsandcometounderstandoneanother.comedoing表示陪衬性的动作Itwasalreadytwoo'clockwhenshecamehurryingin.goontodo做完一件事后，接下去做另外一件事Havingfinishedtheexercises,wewentontolearnthenewwordsinthenextunit.goondoing继续做同一件事。Thoughitwasrainingheavily,theywentonworking.有些动词或词组后可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有所不同。meantodo想要做某事Ididn'tmeantohurtyou.meandoing意味着要有一个结果Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.regrettodo对即将要做的事表示遗憾IregrettosayImustleavetomorrow.regretdoing对所做的事感到后悔Iregretnothavingtoldherearlier.remembertodo讲的是将来的事，表示“不要忘记”Remembertolockthedoorwhenyouleave.rememberdoing讲的是过去的事，表示“记起来”Irememberpostingthatletter.forgettodo忘记要做某事Shenearlyforgottogivetheporteratipforhisservice.forgetdoing忘记以前曾做过的事I'llneverforgetmeetingmyschoolheadmasterforthefirsttime.stoptodo停止原来做的事，开始做另一件事Whileworking,hes