初中英语语法专项非谓语动词

初中英语语法专项非谓语动词什么是非谓语动词①谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词②非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分(主宾定状补)谓非谓语动词的使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebusbutleftherhandbagonherseat.非谓语动词的形式动词不定式（to+动词原型）Toseeistobelieve动名词Smokingdoesgreatharmtopeople’shealth非谓语动词的形式现在分词Doyouknowtheboystandingatthegate?过去分词Weareexcitedatthenews.动名词和现在分词的区别动名词常泛指，不含任何进行意。相当于名词。现在分词有进行意，相当于形容词。1、aswimmingboy和aswimmingsuit2、asleepingchild和asleepingcar一．动词不定式的时态和被动形式动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。不定式的形式有五种1、一般式todo例如：IliketoreadEnglish.2、进行式tobedoing例如：Heseemedtobereadingsomethingatthattime.3、完成式tohavedone例如：Heseemedtohavecleanedtheroom.4、被动式tobedone例如：Theworkistobedonesoon.5、完成被动式tohavebeendone例如：Theboyissaidtohavebeensenttohospitalyesterday.二.动词不定式的用法I.作主语(1)不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。Toseeistobelieve．Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault.主语(2)常用IT做形式主语，将TODO放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。句型1：It+谓语+todoIttakesusanhour_to__gettherebybus.句型2：It’s+n.+todoIt’sourduty_to_helpthepoor.Itisagreatenjoyment_to_spendourholidayinthemountains.句型3：Itis+adj+forsbtodosth（是形容事物的性质的）Itis+adj+ofsbtodosth（是形容人的品质的）Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.It'simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.II.作宾语①接不定式做宾语Iwanttoknowthismatter.Idon’texpecttomeetyouhere常见后面接不定式的动词like,demand,expect,promise,begin,determine,refuse,offer,fail,manage,learn,seem,intend,forget,want,prepare,pretend,refuse,plan,afford,wish等(2)IT作形式宾语Ifind/feeltoworkwithhiminteresting．句型Subject+find/think/feel/make/consider…it+adj/n+todosth.Ifind/feelitinterestingtoworkwithhim．Wethought___better___startearly.Doyouconsider___betternot__go?Ifeel__myduty__changeallthat.Wethinkit__important__obeythelaw.Iknow__impossible__finishsomuchhomeworkinaday.ittotoittoittoittoitto(3)常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词:tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,explain,know,discover,例句Hetaughtushowtousethetool.Noonecouldtellmewheretogetthebook.Ihaven'tdecidedwhethertogoorstay.下列词接动名词和不定式均可，但意义不同的动词：stoptodo停下来去做stopdoing停止做forgettodo忘记要做forgetdoing忘记做过remembertodo记得要做rememberdoing记得做过regrettodo遗憾要做regretdoing后悔做过trytodo企图做，尽力做trydoing试着做goontodo继续做（另一件事）goondoing继续做（同一件事）meantodo打算做meandoing意味做练习InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans_______foranotherhour.AwaitingBtowaitingCwaitDtobewaitingBoys,don'tforget_____thewindowsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.A.closingB.closedC.toclosingD.tocloseAD练习Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_______onabigrock.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.restRemember_______thelightswhenyouleavetheoffice.A.toturnoffB.turningoffC.turnoffD.toturningoffCA(4)在canbut,cannotchoose/helpbut之后接不带TO的不定式Ihavenochoicebut__towait_____.（wait）Ican’tdoanythingbut_go______(go)outwithher.“前有do,后无to”III.作宾语补足语I’llgetsomeone_to__repairtherecorderforyou.Whatcausedhim_to__changehismind?这些动词后常接宾语补足语advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,expect,encourage,force,get,invite,order,wish,want,warn,remind,promise,permit,persuade（劝说）,request+sb.todo有些动词后的宾语不足语省略（to）在动词feel（一感）hear,listento（二听）have,let,make（三让）notice,see,watch,observe,lookat（五看）(即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，例子Theysawtheboyfalloffthetree.Theteacherletmewritemynameonthebook注意：变为被动语态后，必须带toTheboywasseentofalloffthetree.help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.Ioftenhelphim（to）cleantheroom.Ihelpedhim(to)findhisthings.练习Heisoftenheard________(sing)thesong.Thoughheoftenmadehisdeskmate______(cry),todayhewasmade____(cry)byhisdeskmate.tosingcrytocryIV．作定语Ihavesomethingtotellyou.(不定式作定语)不定式与被修饰词的关系不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系Doyouhaveanythingtowashtoday?不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容Ihavenochancetogothere.被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语Sheisalwaysthelasttoleavetheroom.不定式为不及物动词且和所修饰的名词是动宾关系时，须加介词选择题1.Thehouseisnotbigenoughforusall_______.A.toliveinB.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forlivingin2.Wouldyoupleasepassmetheknife_______?A.tocutthefruitwithB.tocutthefruitC.cuttingthefruitD.cuttingthefruitwithAAV.作状语不定式作状语可以表示目的、原因、结果Icameheretoseeyou．Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews．Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.对比下列句子TolearnEnglishwell,heneedsagooddictionary.TolearnEnglishwell,agooddictionaryisneeded.Togetthereintime,hetoldmetogetupearly.动名词一.动名词的基本构成主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendoneNoonelikesbeinglaughedat.Idon’trememberhavingeverbeengivenachancetodoit.二.动名词的功用⑴Smokingdoesgreatharmtopeople’shealth.（作主语）⑵Myjobislookingafterchildren.（作表语）⑶Ihavefinishedreadingthenovel.（作宾语）⑷Wehavegotaswimmingpoolinourschool.（做定语）①Itisnousecrying.②Itisnouseobjecting常见后接动名词的短语有：admit,advise,suggest,avoid,consider,delay,deny,finish,imagine,keep(on),mind,practice,miss,resist.常见后接动名词的短于有：be/getusedtocan’thelp/stopcan’tstandgiveupfeellikelookforwardtohavedifficulty/trouble(in)bebusy(in)putoff①Shesattherewithout_________(speak)②Ilookforwardto_________(see)himagain.③Areyouusedto_________(live)therealone?④Whenmyfatherheardthenews,hecouldn'thelp_________(laugh).⑤Idon’tfeellike________(go)toseethefilm.⑥Hewasbusy_________(prepare)hislessonspreparinggoinglaughing