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高中英语定语从句详解Ⅰ.概念：(1)定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。(2)先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。(3)引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词的作用：1)引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；2)必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）常用的关系代词:that、which、who、whom、whose,当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时，关系代词可以省略。常用的关系副词（在从句中只作状语）:when（时间状语）、why（原因状语）、where（地点状语）可以修饰人的关系代词：that,who,whom,whose可以修饰事的关系代词：that,which,as,whose,ThestudentwhoansweredthequestionwasJohn.Iknowthereasonwhyhewassoangry.Theboy(whom)youaretalkingtoismybrother.I'dlikearoomwhosewindowfacesthesea.定语从句三步：第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语、表语或状语）；第三选择合适的关系词。Ⅱ.几个关系代词的基本用法：●that:可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句;不可置于介词后作宾语)如：1.Aletterthat/whichiswritteninpencilisdifficulttoread.(主语)2.Doyouknowthegentlemanthat/whospokejustnow?3.Youcantakeanything(that)youlike.（宾语）4.Whatisthequestion(that/which)theyaretalkingabout?5.Hereistheman(who/whom/that)youwanttosee.6.She'snolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobebefore.（表语）7.Ourhometownisnolongertheone(that)itusedtobe.（=Ourhometownisnotthesameasitusedtobe.=Ourhometownisdifferentfromwhatitusedtobe。=Ourhometownisnotwhatitusedtobe.）●which:指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语。如：1.Thebookwhich/thatwasonthedeskwasboughtbymyfather.（主语）2.Thebook(which/that)Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.（宾语）●who,whom,whose:who:主格,在从句中作主语，只可指人whom:宾格，在从句中只能作宾语;只可指人whose:表所属关系，在从句中作定语。译为：某人的，某物的whose+名词=the+n.+ofwhich(某物的)the+n.+ofwhom(某人的)Ilikethestudentswho/thatworkhard.（主语）Theboy(that/who/whom)wesawyesterdayisTom.Iknowthegirlwhosefatherisateacher.(whosefather=thefatherofwhom)Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.（指人）(whoseparents=theparentsofwhom)I'dlikearoomwhosewindowfacessouth.（指物）(whosewindow=thewindowofwhich)关系代词作介词宾语(在定语从句中，介词提前时，介词后：表人用whom；表物用which)关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时,介词可放于从句之首,也可放于从句之末.但以放于句首较为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。关系代词who和that用作介词宾语时,介词必须放在句末.）Theman(whom/who/that)mymotheristalkingwithisMrBlack.=ThemanwithwhommymotheristalkingisMrBlack.Thisisthebookforwhichyouasked.=Thisisthebook(that/which)youaskedfor.DoyouknowthepersonwithwhomIshookhands？=Doyouknowtheperson(whom/who/that)Ishookhandswith?Thelibraryfromwhichwecanborrowbooksisverybig.ThisisthebookaboutwhichItoldyoujustnow.●as的用法:(as引导定语从句,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语)①如为限制性的，多用于thesame…as;thesameas(与……相同)；such…as…（如此，这样）;asmany/muchas（和……一样多）；so/as…as（与……一样）等结构中。如：※Ihavethesamebookasyou(have).我有一本和你的一样的书。Herattitudetohimwasquitethesameasithadalwaysbeen.(关系代词as和指示代词same连用,在从句中用作表语,先行词是same.).---Whydidn'tyoumentionthatinfaceofthepolicejustnow?---Ithoughtitwassuchaminordetailaswashardlyworthmentioning.Wewillonlydiscusssuchproblemsashavesomethingtodowithourowninterests.Don'tdosuchthingsasyouarenotsureabout.Thereisnosuchplaceasyoudreamofinallthisworld.比较：Iliveinthesamehousethatheusedtolivein.I'mwearingthesameshirtasyouworeyesterday.比较：Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.（定语从句）Hereissobigastonethatnoonecanliftit.（结果状语从句）②如为非限制性的，as还可以单独引导一个定语从句，代替整个主句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为正如，这一点。（动词常为know,see,expect,pointout,etc.）Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.(as作宾语)=Asisknowntoall,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.（as作主语）众所周知：Asweallknow,It’swell-know(tousall)that…=It'sknowntoallthatsmokingisharmfultoone'shealth.=Smokingisharmfultoone'shealth,asweallknow.（as作宾语）=Smoking,asweallknow,isharmfultoone'health.Hewasaforeigner,asIknewfromhisaccent.(宾语,先行词是前面整个句子)Ⅲ.关系副词(when,where,why)引导的定语从句,它们后面的句子完整，只缺状语，它们都可以等于介词+which,其中why只等于forwhich.●When指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。其先行词是表时间的名词（如：time,day,week,tear,month,etc.）HecamelastnightwhenIwasout.Wewillputoffthepicnicuntilnextweek,whentheweatherwouldbebetter.注意：先行词为时间名词，可用when引导定语从句，when在定语从句中作状语；还可以用which或that引导，which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。比较:Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichmybrotherjoinedthearmy.（作状语）Istillrememberthedayswhich/thatwespenttogether.（作谓语spent的宾语）Nextwinterwhich/thatyou'llspendinHarbin,willbeexciting.（宾语）IshallneverforgetthedaywhenShenZhouⅤwaslaunched.Thereareoccasionswhenjokingisnotpermissible.●Where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词，如：place,school,factory,room,etc.ThisistheplacewhereIwasborn.Iliveintheroomwhere/inwhichheusedtolive.注意：先行词是地点名词，定语从句可用where引导，还可用which或that引导，which/that在从句中作主语或宾语。比较:※Thisisthefactorywhere/inwhichheworkedlastyear.（作状语）Thisistheparkwhich/thattheyvisitedlastyear.（作宾语）·Why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。先行词为reason时，可用forwhich指代；当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that引导。如：Thereasonwhy+定语从句isthat+表语从句（……的原因是……）Thereasonwhy/forwhich/(that)hedidn'tcometoschoolwasthathewasill.Idon'tbelievethereason(that/which)hegaveme.（作宾语）Heaskedmethereasonthatcanexplainmysuccess.（作主语）Hewaslate.That'sbecausehegotuplate.(That’sbecause+原因)那是因为……Hegotuplate.That'swhyhewaslate.(表语从句)（That’swhy+结果）那是……的原因(thereason)why/forwhichhewaslate.(定语从句)当先行词为way时，定语从句常用that,inwhich,或省略引导词way后的定语从句的引导词不用时较多。但如果关系词在句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that引导。如:Thisistheway(that)/（inwhich）Idosuchthings.比较:Pleasedotheexperimentintheway（that/which）Ihaveshownyou.Ⅳ.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：1.形式上，非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。2.语法上，非限制性定语从句一般不用that.3.语义上，限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。ThisisthebookIlikebest.这就是我最喜欢的那本书。Beijing,（whichhasbeenChina'sc