高考英语词汇归类复习一、从用法上复习归纳词汇,过语法关英语词汇大多具有本身词义外,还有其语法功能,我们在复习时就不要把着眼点单纯放在单词记忆上,而要从它们的语法功能上去把握它们。如在复习动词时我们就要根据它们变化形式多、搭配活跃等特点,从它们的用法上进行分类记忆。这样,既可记住词汇,又可攻克语法难关。1.宾语不同,意义也不同英语中有些动词可同时后接不定式和动名词作宾语,但意义不同。它们是高考试题的考查重点。这类词主要有:goondoing(继续干同一件事)goontodo(接着去干另一件事)stopdoingsth.(停止正在干的事)stoptodosth.(停下来去干某事)regretdoing(后悔干了某事)regrettodo(相当于besorrytodo)forget/rememberdoing(忘记/记得已做过的事)forget/remembertodo(忘记/记得要干的事)meandoing(意味着干…)meantodo(想干…)trydoing(尝试做)trytodo(设法做)(95高考)Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.Well,nowIregret________that.A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone(92高考)Iusuallygotherebytrain.Whynot____________byboatforachange?A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing2.都可接宾语和宾补,形式却不同某些动词如forbid,advise,allow,permit,admit,consider等直接接动词作宾语时要用动名词,但接宾补时,宾补要用不定式。如:Weforbidsmokinghere.(宾语)Weforbidyoutosmokehere.(宾补)Youareforbiddentosmokehere.(主补)3.宾语不同、语态不同,意义却相同有些词如need,require,want,deserve等后可接不定式(要用被动形式),可接动名词(要用主动形式表被动意义),可与worth,worthy一并记忆。两种形式意义相同。如:Theroomrequirestobecleaned/cleaning.(85高考)Thissentenceneeds______________.A.animprovementB.improveC.improvingD.improved4.只接不定式作宾语的词和词组只接不定式作宾语的词和词组有:decide,expect,refuse,wish,hope,order,promise,pretend,offer,happen,seem,makeupone'smind,used,beabout,beable,have等。如:5.只接动名词作宾语的词和词组只接动名词作宾语的词和词组:mind,risk,avoid,enjoy,escape,keep,suggest,appreciate,practise,delay,finish,feellike,lookforwardto,can'thelp,keep(on),miss,beusedto,excuse,beworth,imagine,putoff,giveup等。如:(87高考)Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed______.A.catchingB.tobecaughtC.beingcaughtD.tocatch6.系动词系动词后可用名词、不定式、分词和形容词等作表语,这类词有:表感观的系动词:look,sound,taste,smell,feel,seem,appear(这些词用形容词作表语)表变化的系动词:become,get,turn,grow,make,come,go,fall,run表依旧的系动词:remain,keep,stay,continue,stand,rest,lie,hold可带名词作表语的系动词:be,become,make,look,sound,fall,prove,remain,turn(该词后接的单数名词前多不用冠词。如:Heturnedteacher.)(91高考)7.含被动意味的动词有些动词,如sell,open,close,wash,teach,burn,measure,cut,lock,cost,read,write,tear,wear,pull,clean,add,cook,let(出租)等,它们的主语是事物,且又是表示主语的固有特征和状态,与行为方式状语连用时,要用主动形式表被动意义:Mypenwritessmoothly.我的笔好写。Oilburnseasily.油易燃烧。(88高考)Thatsuit_________over60dollars.A.hadcostedB.costedC.iscostD.cost8.具有两种形式的易混动词中学英语教材中有些不规则动词有两种过去式或两种过去分词形式,使用或考测时极易弄混。如:hang,hanged,hanged(绞死)hang,hung,hung(挂起)light,lit,lit(点燃,作谓语)light,lighted,lighted(过去分词作形容词用时,意谓燃烧着的,作定语)drink,drank,drunk/drunken(喝,饮;过去分词作形容词同时,意谓醉的,drunk多作表语,drunken多作定语)sink,sank,sunk/sunken(下沉;过去分词sunken作形容词用时,作定语)bear,bore,born(出生)bear,bore,borne(结果;生育)Thewoman,whowasbornin1940,hasbornefivechildren.lie(撒谎),lied,lied,lyinglie(躺,卧,位于),lay,lain,lying(89高考)Doyouknowtheboy___________underthebigtree?A.layB.lainC.layingD.lying二、从搭配上复习归纳词汇,过习语关英语词汇的搭配十分活跃,复习时我们要把重点放在某些常用的动词、名词或介词、副词。我们可按下列方式进行对比归纳。1.常用的搭配活跃的名词:常用的搭配较活跃的名词有:time,way,moment,means等。如time的搭配短语在中学教材中出现有:innotime(立刻,马上),ontime(按时),intime(及时、迟早、最终),atatime(一次),behindthetimes(落伍),behindtime(不及时,晚点),atonetime(曾经),foratime(一度),atothertimes(其它时候,平素),attimes(有时候),atalltimes(一直,经常)someothertime(某个另外的时间)(93高考)Ifyoukeepon,youwillsucceed_____.A.intimeB.atonetimeC.ontimeD.atthesametime(94高考)Don'tallspeakatonce!____,please.A.EachatontimeB.OnebyonetimeC.OneforeachtimeD.Oneatatime2.常用的搭配活跃的动词:常用的搭配活跃的动词有:look,take,make,give,get,have,go,do,turn,put,set,come等。复习时我们要尽量将具有相反意义的介词、副词与同一动词的搭配罗列在一起对比记忆,如turn一词:turnon(打开),turnoff(关上),turnup(放大音量等;出现),turndown(放小音量等;拒绝),turnin(上交),turnagainst(反对),turnout(生产),turnaway(避开)3.常用的搭配活跃的介词、副词:搭配活跃的介词、副词有:in,out,up,down,on,off,to,from,for,over,with等。复习时,我们要从不同动词、名词等与同一介词、副词搭配进行逐一过关,如on的搭配有:①on与动词的搭配:geton(上车/船等),liveon(以…为生),feedon(以…为生),takeon(接受;雇用),turnon(打开开关/电器等),lookon(旁观),spyon(侦察/窥探),callon(号召;拜访),goon(继续),haveon(穿戴),dependon(依靠),waiton(侍候),carryon(执行),holdon(坚持),insiston(坚持),playtrickson(戏弄),fixon(注视),impresson(留下印象)②on与名词搭配(注意冠词的取舍):onduty(值班),onbusiness(因公;因事),onfire(燃烧),onshow(展览),ontime(准时),onstrike(罢工),onwatch(监视,观察),onsale(出售;大减价),onearth(到底,究竟),onjourney(旅游),onfoot(步行),onpurpose(故意),ontheway(在路上),onthecontrary(相反),ononehand(一方面),ontheright(在右边),onthewhole(总而言之),onone'sown(独自),onone'sside(支持,站在某一方),onholiday/leave(度假/请假)③其它情况:lateron(后来),fromnow/thenon(从现在/那时起),onaccountof(由于,因为)(93高考)Weofferedhimourcongratulations____hispassingthecollegeentranceexams.A.atB.onC.forD.of三、从对比词/词组的同义、词序或结构等复习归纳词汇,过辨析关1.动作动词和结果动词:英语中有些动词虽然意义相同,但用法不同,有的表示某个动作,而另一个则表示该动作所产生的结果,这类动词常见的有:lookfor(寻找),find(找到);look(看),see(看见);listen(听),hear(听到);try(试图,不说明是否成功),manage(设法,侧重做到);advise(劝告,不说明是否劝成),persuade(劝服,侧重劝成功)2.词序不同、意思就不同:有少量词组颠倒词序后意思和用法就不同了,常见的有:beforelong(不久以后),longbefore(很久以前)turnin(上交;就寝),inturn(按次序,轮流)handin(上交),inhand(在手边)fromfar(来自远方),farfrom(离得远;远非)muchtoo(非常,修饰形容词或副词),toomuch(太多,修饰名词,也可作名词)ifonly(要是…),onlyif(只有…)allin(精疲力尽),inall(总共)goodfor(对…有好处),forgood(永远)Beforelong,hemovedtoLondonandmadeLondonthebaseforhisrevolutionarywork.ItwasnotlongbeforethewholecountryroseupanddrovetheAustriansoutoftheirhomeland.3.动词后有无介词,意思不同:因有无介词而词义不同的动词在中学英语教材中较多,常见的如:search(对人、物或场所搜查),searchfor(搜寻人、物或场所)leave(离开某地),leavefor(去某地)reach(到达;拿到),reachfor(伸手去拿)prepare(准备),preparefor(为…作准备)enter(进入),enterfor(报名参加)run(经营;跑),runfor(竞选