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1Lesson15Fiftypenceworthoftrouble1.pence1.(oftenincompound)pl.ofpennye.g.(1)两便士two-pence(2)十一便士elevenpence(3)几个便士afewpence2.–pence……便士价钱的e.g.(1)一枚13便士的邮票a13-pencestamp(2)一枚5便士的硬币a5-pencepiece(=coin)注：英语中的便士有两种复数形式pence和pennies，但用法不同。如：afiftypence指1个50便士的硬币fiftypennies指50个1便士的硬币2.worthworthof指值一定金额数量的；相当于特定单位数量的worth为名词，常用介词of搭配使用，构成以上意义。worthn.[u]value价值e.g.(1)价值极高的宝石jewelsofgreatworth(2)这场暴风雨造成数千英镑价值的损失。Thestormdidthousandsofpounds’worthofdamage.adj.worth1.havingavalueinmoney有~价值；值~钱e.g.我们的房子大约值10万美元。Ourhouseisworthabout$100000.2.~sth./doingsth.(指行动)值得，有价值e.g.这是部很值得看的影片。It’safilmthatisreallyworthseeing.antonym:worthlessadj.没用的，无价值的3.appreciatev.欣赏；领会；感激。后接名词、代词或动名词，不可使用动词不定式，如：(1)我们当中没有几个能真正欣赏京剧。NotmanyofuscanappreciateBeijingopera.(2)运动员极为珍稀能有空休息一下。Theplayersreallyappreciatehavingtimetorelax.appreciatev.1.向……表示感谢，感激e.g.(1)对你的帮助我们表示感谢。Weappreciateyourhelp.(2)我们非常感激在这么困难的时候有这么好的朋友。Weappreciatehavingsuchgoodfriendsatthisdifficulttime.2.欣赏，赏识2e.g.他们确实欣赏威尔士平和、宁静的农村生活。TheyreallyappreciatethepeaceandquietofruralWales.3.(充分)意识到，体会e.g.我知道令你焦急不安的原因。Iappreciatethereasonsforyouranxiety.4.providearegularsupplyof定期供应/提供e.g.过去政府总是定期向那一落后地区提供救济粮。Thegovernmentusedtoprovidearegularsupplyofreliefgrainforthatbackwardarea.(givethempocketmoneyregularly按时给他们零花钱)supplyv.1.(to)toprovide(sththatisneeded)供应（所需物品）e.g.政府免费给学校供应书籍。Thegovernmentsuppliesfreebookstoschools.2.[(with)]toprovidethingsto(aperson)foruse向某人提供某物e.g.给新招聘人员发放了制服。Thenewrecruitsweresuppliedwithuniforms.supplyn.[of]（一般用复数）anamountforuse供给量，供应量e.g.你要带大量的食品来。Bringalargesupplyoffoodwithyou.2.inshortsupplydifficulttoobtainbecauseofshortage供应不足，短缺e.g.由于收成不好，现在马铃薯供应不足。Potatoesareinshortsupplybecauseofthebadharvest.5.sourcen.[of]aplacefromwhichsomethingcomes;meansofsupply来源，出处e.g.我们不得不寻找新的收入来源。We‘llhavetofindanewsourceofincome.theplacewhereastreamofwaterstarts.溪流的发源地，泉源，水源e.g.我们逆流而上，寻找河流的源头。Wefollowedtheriverbacktodiscoveritssource.6.extraadj.,advadditional(ly);beyondwhatisusualornecessary额外的（地）；特别的（地）e.g.（1）我需要一些额外的钱。Ineedsomeextramoney.(2)我要特别努力地工作。I’mgoingtoworkextrahard.aswellastheregularcharge外加的e.g.（1）晚饭的价钱是三英镑，酒水另计。Dinnercosts3pounds,andwineisextra.(2)他们对酒水另外收钱。Theychargeextraforwine.(3)[用于名词后]我不得不另付三英镑。Ihadtopay￡3extra.extran.1.sthadded,forwhichanextrachargeismade另外收费的事物3e.g.在这家旅店热水浴另外收费。Atthishotelahotbathisanextra.2.aspecialedition(=oneprinting)ofanewspaper[报纸的]号外e.g.晚间最新号外！Lateeveningextra!7.with对于，就……来说。介词with可用来表示与所谈话题看起来相关的事物，如：e.g.（1）（对）他们（来说）一切都进行得很顺利。Everythingwasgoingonwellwiththem.(2)对那些不思进取的人来说都一样。Withthosewhodon’thopetomakeanyprogress,it’sthesame.8.goalongway耐用，经用（通常用来指食物或钱财能维持很长时间）e.g.那两个人从他们正在下沉的船上打捞的食物的确能维持不少时日。Thefoodthetwomensavedfromtheirsinkingboatcouldreallygoalongway.此外，goalongway还常被用来表示“有很大作用”“大有帮助”之意如：e.g.好的意愿与协作有益于你顺利取得成功。Goodwillandcooperationcangoalongwayto(wards)smoothingyourwaytothesuccess.9.exchangev.[T(for,with)]togiveandreceiveinreturn(sthofthesametypeorequalvalue)交易；交换，调换e.g.(1)两队在开赛前交换礼品。Thetwoteamsexchangedpresentsbeforethegame.(2)我们经常在圣诞节互寄信函。WeoftenexchangelettersatChristmas.(3)我同比尔互换了座位。IexchangedseatswithBill.exchange……for……以（用）……换（取）……e.g.我想把这套裙子换号大些的。I’dliketoexchangethisdressforoneinalargersize.如同介词with则表示“同……换……”之意e.g.玛丽同约翰换了座位。MaryexchangedseatswithJohn.exchangen.1.[c;u](acaseof)theactofexchanging交换，互换e.g.他给我一个苹果，交换一块蛋糕。Hegavemeanappleinexchangeforapieceofcake.2.交易所e.g.股票交易所theStockExchange10.sweetn.1.[c]BrE糖果asmallpieceofsweetfoodmadeofsugarorchocolatee.g.吃糖果对牙齿有坏处。Eatingsweetsisbadforyourteeth.2.[c;u]BrEsweetfoodservedattheendofameal,dessert.(餐后的)甜食，甜点adj.1.havingatastelikethatofsugar甜（味）的e.g.一个甜苹果asweetapple42.pleasingtothesenses悦耳的；惬意的；芬芳的；令人感觉愉快的e.g.悦耳的音乐sweetmusic3.(esp.ofsmalloryoungthings)charming,lovable[尤指小的事物或年幼的孩子]可爱的e.g.你们的小男孩穿上新外套，样子真可爱。Yourlittleboylooksverysweetinhisnewcoat.4.gentle,kind,orattractiveinmanner[举止、态度]和蔼可亲的，温柔的，体贴的e.g.你没忘记我的生日，多么体贴人啊！Howsweetofyoutoremembermybirthday.adv.-ly11.rattlev.1.[I;T]to(causeto)makeanumberofquicksharpnoiseslikesmallhardobjectshittingeachotherrepeatedly(使)咯咯作响，(使)互相碰撞发出短促细小的声音e.g.(1)几扇窗子在风中作响。Thewindowsrattledinthewind.(2)那个乞丐把罐子里的硬币摇得咯咯响。Thebeggarrattledthecoinsinhistin.2.tomovequicklywhilemakingthesenoises咔哒咔哒地迅速移动，嘎啦嘎啦地快速行进e.g.那辆大车嘎啦嘎啦地沿着石板路快速驶过。Thecartrattledalongthestonyroad.3.[T](informal)tomakeanxiousandcausetoloseconfidence使慌乱，使紧张，使窘迫不安e.g.考试不及格使她感到极度不安。Shewasbadlyrattledbyherfailureintheexam.n.1.arattlingnoise咯咯声，嘎嘎声2.[c]ababy’stoythatrattles咯咯响的幼儿玩具，拨浪鼓12.thriftyadj.usingmoneyandgoodscarefullyandwisely;showingorpracticingthrift节俭的，节约的e.g.节俭的主妇athriftyhousewife简单的饭菜athriftymealthriftilyadv.thriftn.[u](fml)wiseandcarefuluseofmoneyandgoods;avoidanceofwaste节俭，节约13.fillupv.1.[I;T(=fillsth.up)]tomakeorbecomecompletelyfull(使)充满，装满e.g.(1)房子很快就挤满了（人）。Theroomsoonfilledup(withpeople).(2)请把车子加满油。Fillthecarup,please.2.[T](fillsthup)esp.BrEtocomplete(aform)byansweringthequestionsinthespacesprovided填写【表格】副词up同某些动词搭配使用时，通常表示出“完全”、“彻底”之意如:tearup(撕碎),eatup(吃光),drinkup(喝光)，useup(用光)等e.g.(1)把杯子里的水喝光，然后我再给你倒上。Drinkup,thenI’llrefillyourglass.(2)谁把牛奶都倒光了？Who’susedupallthemilk?514.fo