定语从句in-which等的用法

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inwhich,forwhich,onwhich,atwhich的不同用法这些都是定语从句里面,由which引导的定语从句,介词提前。inwhich可以翻译成在……里面forwhich可以翻译成为了……目的onwhich可以翻译成在……的上面,或具体时间的某一天atwhich可以翻译成在……里面或在……上面这些介词的使用除了意思上的区别,具体是要以which引导的从句而定的。例如:(1)Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.=Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.(2)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.=TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.(3)Ihaveadresserinmybedroom,whichtherearemanycosmeticson.=Ihaveadresserinmybedroomonwhichtherearemanycosmetics.(4)ThedumplingHousewhichheoftenhasdumplingsatisverypopular.=ThedumplingHouseisverypopular,atwhichheoftenhasdumplings.当然这只是介词作为基本意思的用法,还有一些固定搭配,得具体情况具体分析。例如:Theplanemaybeseveralhourslate,inwhichcasethere’snopointinourwaiting.(固定搭配:inthecase)Thespeakerpausedtoexaminehisnotes,atwhichpointaloudcrashwasheard.(固定搭配:atthepoint)Tenyearsofhardworkchangedhergreatly,forwhichreasonhecouldhardlyrecognizeheratfirstsight.(固定搭配:forthereason)ThefilmatwhichIfellasleepwasveryboring.(Hereatwhichisbasedonfellasleepatthefilm因为电影无聊而睡觉。)ThelittlecreatureinwhichscientistsareinterestedisknownasET.(这里beinterestedin是词组原因)Thisisthebookforwhichheislooking.(即等于Thisisthebookwhichheislookingfor,这主要是因为lookfor这一短语)例题:1.Ican’tbelievethattherestaurant,______Ihaveeatensuchwonderfulmeal,isgoingtobeclosedown.A.whereB.atwhichC.aboutwhich【解答】选B。这个是非限制性定语从句,atwhich在功能上等于where,但就本题而言只能选atwhich。因为atwhichIhaveeatensuchwonderfulmeal是一个插入语,where固然可以引导,但是由于前面有了一个逗号,就只能用atwhich了。“我难以相信我曾经在里面美美地吃过几顿大餐的饭店就要关张了。”非限制性定语从句主要就是先行词+逗号“,”+介词+which或者是先行词+逗号“,”+which,它和限定性定语从句的最显著区别一个是有逗号,一个是非限制定语从句总有which。2.Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergy______wemayreturninnearfuture.A.onwhichB.bywhichC.towhichD.fromwhich【解答】选C。returnto其实,应该来说,就是一个固定搭配了,解释为回归到,但是呢,如果要说意思的话,也是说得通的,就是把句子换一换语序你就可以看出来了。“wemayreturntowindpowerinnearfuture.”也就是说,看到prep.+which这种形式,就可以直接把它扔到动词后面,然后在进行选择,看缺少哪个介词。3.Wehavegatherednearly100,000quilts,_____uptohalfhavegonetoflood-hitareas.A.withwhichB.inwhichC.forwhichD.ofwhich【解答】选D。这里的which指的是,nearly100,000quilts(被褥),也就是说,后半句的主语是在这nearly100,000quilts里面的uptohalf。例:Idon’tknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhedidit.Thereasonwhy/forwhichhewasfiredwasnotclear.TherearemanycountriesinAsia,ofwhichChinaisthelargestone.亚洲有很多国家,中国是最大的一个。附:whose和ofwhich的区别1.关系代词whose,引导定语从句时,既可指人,又可指物,在从句中只能作定语;ofwhom只能指人;ofwhich只能指物,有时whose可以与ofwhom和ofwhich互换使用。如:ThegirlwhosehairisgoldenisfromEngland.头发金色的那个女孩是英国人。Thehousewhosedoors(ofwhichthedoors)aregreenisanofficebuilding.门是绿色的那座房子是办公楼。2.“介词+whose+名词”引导定语从句。如:Ilovemymotherland,forwhosegoodfutureIwillworkhard.我爱我的祖国,为了她美好的未来我要努力工作。3.在下列情况下,一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。(1)定语从句的主语是few,little,some,most,many,much等时,一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。Intheroomarelotsofpeople,manyofwhomIdon’tknow.房间里有很多人,很多人我不认识。Hehasalotofstory-books,afewofwhichIhaveneverread.他有很多故事书,有几本故事书我还从未看过。(2)定语从句的主语是数词、形容词的最高级时,一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。如:Theoldmanhasthreechildren,twoofwhomarecollegestudentsandoneofwhomisamanager.那个老人有三个小孩,其中两个是大学生,另一个是经理。(3)定语从句的主语是all,none,both,neither,each等不定代词时,一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。如:Therearefiftystudentsinourclass,allofwhomareworkinghard.我们班有五十个学生,所有这五十个学生学习都刻苦。Heplantedtwotreeslastyear,bothofwhicharegrowingwell.去年他栽了两棵树,这两棵树都长得好。(4)在定语从句中作表语的定语时,一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。如:Hehasthreebrothers,ofwhomLiLeiistheyoungestone.它有三兄弟,李雷是他们中最小的一个。TherearemanycountriesinAsia,ofwhichChinaisthelargestone.亚洲有很多国家,中国是最大的一个。(5)形式不同。如:Thehousewindowsfacesouthisourreading-room.A.ofwhichB.whoseC.whichD.its【解答】此题正确答案是B,不能选择A。选择ofwhich时应在名词前加上定冠词the,也就是名词前有the就只能用ofwhich。如果名词前没有冠词,就用whose。若上题改为Thehousethewindowsfacesouthisourreading-room,则此题只能选A不能选B了。(6)ofwhich除了可以表示所属关系外,还可以用来表示整体的关系,而whose则不能。例:Heborrowedabookofwhichtheauthorwasapeasant.InBarcelonatheChineseteamgot16goldmedals,ofwhich12werewonbywomen.第一句中的ofwhich就可以用whose来代替,因为这个句子中of是用来表示所属关系的。可改写成:Heborrowedabookwhoseauthorwasapeasant.而第二句中的ofwhich不能用whose代替,因为这个句子中的of不是表示所属关系,而是表示整体与部分的关系。(7)引导非限制性定语从句多用whose,而很少用表示所属关系的介词of加上关系代词which。如:Thereisamysteriouslakeatthefootofthehill,whosedepthhasneverbeenmeasured.山脚下有个神秘的湖,其深度从未被测量过。如介词of不表示所属关系,而是用来表示整体与部分的关系,此时就经常引导非限制性定语从句了。如:Thereare102elementsfoundinnature,ofwhichmostaremetals.ThestoryaboutLongMarch,ofwhichthisisoneexample,arewellwritten.I’dlikeacarwhosefrontlightsarebigandround.I’dlikeacar,thefrontlightsofwhicharebigandround.Thebook,thecoverofwhichisbroken,isnotmine.Thebook,whosecoverisbroken,isnotmine.

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