高中英语定语从句精品课件

GrammarAttributiveclause(限制性定语从句)先行词和关系词定语从句关系代词如何引导定语从句关系代词的使用方法定语从句中需注意事项附加部分习题定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例）例：ThegirlbehindthetreeisKate.Themandrivingtoofastwasadrunk.定语从句在英语中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。例：ThegirlwhoisbehindthetreeisKate.Themanwhowasdrivingtoofastwasadrunk.先行词和关系词先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。先行词、关系词/引导词{对等}代替Thatisthebikewhichmyfatherboughtforme.先行词＝关系词bike关系词的作用：既引导定语从句，又在定语从句中充当某种成分。关系代词如何引导定语从句普通代词与关系代词的区别Ihaveasister.SheworksinShanghai.代替sisterIhaveasisterwho/thatworksinShanghai.普通代词：只起代替的作用（如上例she)关系代词：（如上例who/which）1.除了代替先行词外，2.它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分，3.同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。（把主句和从句连起来）说明如下Thebuildingisourschool.+Thebuildingstandsbytheriver.=Thebuildingwhich/thatstandsbytheriverisourschool.先行词关系词从句which、that是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行词thebuilding,同时担任从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接起来。关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的人称、数必须和先行词一致。Thewomanthat/whoisspeakingatthemeetingismymother.(主句)Thewomanismymother(从句)Thewomanisspeakingatthemeeting.{主语是单数}Thewomenthat/whoarespeakingatthemeetingarefamousscientists.(主句)Thewomenarefamousscientists.(从句)Thewomenarespeakingatthemeeting.{主语是复数}关系词判断步骤:首先，要辨别出先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物,关系词可能用which或that然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表先行词主格宾格所有格人who,thatwho(m),thatwhose,ofwhom物which,thatwhich,thatwhose,ofwhich最后，要确定关系代词的人称和数(请看以上例句)注意定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。.Thewomanwho/thatspokeatthemeetingyesterdayismymother.(主句)Thewomanismymother.(叙述客观事实用一般现在时)(从句)Thewoman(who/that)spokeatthemeetingyesterday.(句中yesterday表示过去时间)定语从句的辨认（思考步骤）找出先行词a.确定在从句中关系代词的人称、数和性。b.确定定语从句的位置确定关系代词在从句中的成分以确定关系代词的格确定从句的时态（定语从句的时态都不受主句的限制）关系代词的使用方法定语从句常用的关系代词有：that、who(m)、whose、which等。1.that多指物，在从句中作主语或作动词的宾语。（that/which作宾语时可省.）1)Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Aplaneisamachinewhichcanfly.2)Whowashurtintheaccidentthathappenedyesterday?Whowashurtintheaccidentwhichhappenedyesterday?3)Haveyoufoundthebikethatyoulost?Haveyoufoundthebikewhichyoulost?Haveyoufoundthebike省略youlost?2.which指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。作主语不可省略;作宾语可以省略。(which与that指物时可以互相代替，that更常见。）1)Hisfatherworksinafactorythat/whichmakesTVsets.2)Thefilmthat/whichwesawlastnightwasverywonderful.Thefilm省略wesawlastnightwasverywonderful.3.who指人(既它的先行词必须是人),在从句中作主语或宾语。但whom是宾格,只能作宾语。(that有时也指人.代替who,whom,可作主语或宾语)1)Thegirlswhoweren’tbadlyhurtintheaccidentaremyclassmates.Thegirlsthatweren’tbadlyhurtintheaccidentaremyclassmates.2)Heknewtheteacherwhowemetyesterday.Heknewtheteacherwhomwemetyesterday.Heknewtheteacher(that)wemetyesterday.4.whose是代词的所有格形式,它既可以代人也可以代物。Isawawoman.Herbagwasstolen.Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen.I’llcallaperson.Hisfatherknowsyou..Pleaseshowmethebook.Itscoverisred.Ican’tfindthehouse.Myfriendlivesinit.Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisred.I’llcallapersonwhosefatherknowsyouIcan’tfindthehousewhosefriendlivesinit1)Thisisthehero(whom)weareproudof.Thisistheheroofwhomweareproud.Thisisthehero(that)weareproudof.2)SheisthegirlwhomIwentwiththere.SheisthegirlwithwhomIwentthere.SheisthegirlthatIwentwiththere.Sheisthegirl省略Iwentwiththere.注意:固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前.例如:lookafter,lookat…关系代词与介词介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用which代物,和whom代人。(介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略)3)Theroom(that)Iliveinisverybig.Theroom(which)Iliveinisverybig.TheroominwhichIliveisverybig.TheroomwhereIliveisverybig.4).Iwanttofindthepen(that)Iwrotetheletterwith.Iwanttofindthepen(which)Iwrotetheletterwith.IwanttofindthepenwithwhichIwrotetheletter.Herearethepicture-booksthatthechildrenarelookingfor.Herearethepicture-bookswhichthechildrenarelookingfor.Herearethepicture-booksthechildrenarelookingfor.定语从句的翻译：不管引导词是哪一个，都翻译为“……的”。e.g.Thisisthecarwhichheboughtlastyear.这是（他去年买的）那张车。TheboywhosehometownisGuangdongisYiJianlian.那个（家乡是广东的）男生是易建联。关系代词在从句中的作用：修饰功能修饰人修饰物修饰人或物主语宾语定语whowhichthatwhom(口语中可用who，可省)which(可省)that(可省)whosewhose(可省)Attentionthat和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用that而不用which。(1)先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时。Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.(2)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(3)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.(4)先行词同时含有人和物时。Weweredeeplyimpressedbytheteachersandschoolsthatwehadvisitedthere.that不能引导非限制性定语从句that不能置于介词之后（介词后指物用which,指人用whom）定语从句中需注意事项有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用which1.从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时,只能用that引导从句.Thisisthemostinterestingstory(that)Ihaveeverheard.Thefirstmeeting(that)wewilltakepartinwillbeheldintheafternoon.2.先行词是all,something,nothing,anything不定代词时,只能用that.Hereissomething(that)Iwilltellyou.Notallthatglittersisgold.3.先行词既有人也有物时,只能用that引出从句Icanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepictures(that)Isee.4.先行词是oneof,theone,或用little,few,no,all,any作修饰，用thatIsittheonethatyouwant?Wehaven’tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.5.当主句已有疑问词who或which时，关系词用thatWhichisthebikethatyoulost?Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting?从例句中看出，who、that在许多情况下可以通用，但有时宜用用who,而不用that1.先行词是one(s),anyone,someone,those时，关系词使用whoThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere.Onewhohasnothingtofearoneselfdarestotellthetruth.2.在therebe句型中，先行词指人,关系词用whoThereisanoldmanwhowantsto