英语简单句五种基本句型名词Nouns(n.):表示人或事物的名称。形容词Adjectives(a.):表示人或事物的特征,如:bad,beautiful副词Adverb(adv.):修饰动词,形容词或其它副词,如:very,quickly动词Verb:(vi.vt.):表示动作或状态如:study,be代词Pronoun(pron.):代替名词,数词等,如:they,one数词Numeral(num.):表示数量或顺序,如:five,tenth冠词Articles(art.):限制名词的意义,a,an,the介词Preposition(prep.):表示名词,代词和其它词的关系,如:in,for,of连词Conjunction(conj.):连结词与词或句与句,如:and,because感叹词Interjection(interj.):表示说话时的感情或口气,如:oh,heyMyroomisverycleanandtidybecauseIoftencleanit.英语句子长短简繁不一,表面上似乎难以捉摸,但可以从实质上发现其内在联系,找出其共同规律。即可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。基本句型一:S+V(主+谓)基本句型二:S+V+O(主+谓+宾)基本句型三:S+V+P(主+谓/系+表)基本句型四:S+V+InO+DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)基本句型五:S+V+O+OC(主+谓+宾+宾补)五种基本句型SVi1.Time2.Class3.Theman4.Weall5.Everbody6.I7.Thesun8.Doesitflies.begins!.doesn’tsmoke.laughed.hasarrived.amcrying.rises.hurt?基本句型一S(subject)+V(verb)(主+谓)特点:句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词(vi),后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。e.g.Anaccidenthappenedyesterday.c.f.Hewalksveryfast.Hewalkshisdogeveryday.Hewalksastrongdogeveryday.SVtO1.Who2.She3.He8.He5.They6.Danny7.I4.Heknowslaughatunderstandsmadeatelikeswantsaidtheanswer?her.English.cakes.someapples.eggs.tohaveacupoftea.Goodmorning.基本句型二S+V+O(主+谓+宾)特点:谓语动词都是实义动词,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词(vt)。e.g.Welikethismovie.SVo1.她经常帮她妈妈。Sheoftenhelpshermother.2.我想要一杯茶。Iwantacupoftea.基本句型三S+V+P(主+系+表)特点:句子谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做(连)系动词。系动词可分四类:1)be本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用,后可接动词外的任何词;注意c.f.Heisastudent.Heisplayingpingpong.Heissmart.2)感官动词类look,feel,smell,taste,sound等3)表示变化:get,grow,become,turn,go等4)表示状态延续:stay,keep,remain,stand等以及prove等。SV(是系动词)P1.This2.Thedinner3.He4.Everything5.He6.Thebook7.Theweather8.HisfaceissmellsfeelslooksisisbecomesturnedanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.delicious.happy.different.tallandstrong.interesting.warmer.red.SV(link--V.)P1.ThisisanEnglishdictionary.2.Everythinglooksdifferent.3.天气更凉爽了。Theweatherbecomescooler.13英语基本句型4双宾语结构说明:此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(事物)”组成。如:Hebringsmecookieseveryday.但若要先说出直接宾语(事物),后说间接宾语(人),则要借助于介词to或for。如:Hebringscookiestomeeveryday.Shemadeabeautifuldressforme.用to侧重指动作的方向,表示朝着,向着,对着某人。用for侧重指动作的受益者,表示为了某人,替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有:(需借助to的)bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等;(需借助for的)buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare等。141.Johnson先生去年教我们德语。2.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3.请把那本字典递给我好吗?4.他把车票给列车员看。MrJohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.Wouldyoupleasepassmethedictionary?Heshowedthetickettotheconductor.英语基本句型5复合宾语结构说明:此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系,若无宾语补足语,则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有:名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,动词不定式,分词等。如:Thesunkeepsuswarm.Iheardhimsinging.Youmustgetyourhaircut.TheymadeTommonitor.Heusedtodohishomeworkwithhisradioon.16巩固练习:1.我们叫她Alice.(call)2.我们大家都认为他是诚实的。(consider)3.我要你把真相告诉我。(Want)4.卫兵命令我们立即离开。(order)5.每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。(hear)6.他每个月理一次发(havesth.done)7.我们不会让她在晚上外出的。(let)WecallherAlice.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.Iwantyoutotellmethetruth.Theguardsorderedustoleaveatonce.EverymorningwehearhimreadEnglishaloud.Hehashishaircutonceamonth.Wewon’tlethergooutatnight.1.Theyworkhard.主+谓2.Theflowerisdead.主+系+表3.Plantsneedwater.主+谓+宾4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.主+谓+直宾+间宾5.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.主+谓+宾+宾补6.Manyanimalsliveintrees.主+谓7.Thecaketastesdelicious.主+系+表8.Classesbeginateighteveryday.主+谓9.Theyhaven’tdecidedwheretogonext.主+谓+宾10.Jimcannotdresshimself.主+谓+宾11.MrJohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear.主+谓+直宾+间宾12.ShallIcallyouataxi?主+谓+直宾+间宾13.Thesunkeepsuswarm.主+谓+宾+宾补14.Thepotatoeswentbad.主+系+表15.Youmustgetyourhaircut.主+谓+宾+宾补16.Shesattherealone,readinganovel.主+谓17.TheymadeTommonitor.主+谓+宾+宾补18.Iheardhimsinging.主+谓+宾+宾补以上五种基本句型结构共同点是什么(都含有哪些成分)?五种基本句型都含有主语和谓语,其中谓语是一个句子的灵魂,也是判断句子属于简单句,并列句还是复合句的依据。即“一句一谓”原则如果句子只有一个谓语,即可判断该句为简单句如果句子中有两个或以上谓语,则句子属于并列句或复合句。按结构英语句子主要可以分成三种:简单句,并列句,复合句e.g.1)Theteacher’snameisSmith.2)Theteacher’snameisSmithandthestudent’snameisJohn.3)HeisSmithwholikesgoinghiking.--4)HeisSmithandhelikesgoinghiking.5)Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.6)IsawhimwhenIwalkedpastthestreet.7)Heoftengetsupearlybecausehewantstocatchtheearlybus.简单句并列句复合句并列句并列句复合句复合句并列句和复合句的区别复合句的主句和从句之间有从属关系,所谓从属关系即从句是主句的某个成分,所以复合句有定语从句,状语从句,名词性从句(主从,宾从,表从,同位从)。而并列句中,由连接词(主要是or,but,and,so四大类,每类可分别延伸。)连接的两个句子是独立的,互不充当成分。按结构英语句子主要可以分成三种:简单句,并列句,复合句e.g.1)Theteacher’snameisSmith.2)Theteacher’snameisSmithandthestudent’snameisJohn.3)HeisSmithwholikesgoinghiking.--4)HeisSmithandhelikesgoinghiking.5)Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.6)IsawhimwhenIwalkedpastthestreet.7)Heoftengetsupearlybecausehewantstocatchtheearlybus.简单句并列句复合句并列句并列句复合句复合句基本句型的扩展:e.g.Wefoundthehallfull.我们发现礼堂坐满了。Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteachers.Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteacherslisteningtoanimportantreport.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听一个重要报告。Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteacherslisteningtoanimportantreport我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。madebyacomradefromthePeople'sDailyoncurrentaffairsinEastEurope._________________