灯壳冲压自动生产线用下料机械手设计 I 摘要本文简要的介绍了下料机械手的概念,机械手的组成和分类,机械手的自由度和坐标形式以及液压驱动技术的特点,PLC控制的特点以及国内外机械手的发展状况。本文对机械手的总体方案进行设计,根据设计要求,确定机械手为圆柱坐标形式并且具有四个自由度,以及机械手的技术参数如手臂伸缩行程500mm、手臂升降行程100mm,同时确定了机械手的手部结构为夹钳式结构,设计了手腕、手臂和基座结构,绘制了机械手液压系统原理图,通过对液压系统工况图进行研究,提高了图纸的质量和绘图的效率。采用PLC点位控制对机械手进行控制,选取了合适的PLC型号,根据设计要求选用的PLC型FX2N-48M,根据机械手的工况流程图,制定了PLC控制方案,分配I/O接线口,绘制PLC外部接线图以及梯形图。关键词:机械手,液压驱动,PLC控制灯壳冲压自动生产线用下料机械手设计 II ABSTRACT This paper introduces the concept, composition, classification, degree of freedom, coordinate form of the manipulator, and the feature of hydraulic drive technology, as well as PLC control. It also introduces the development of the manipulator in our country and foreign country. This paper designs the manipulator’s whole precept, according to the design requirements, forming the manipulator’s cylindrical coordinate and four degrees of freedom, and its technical parameters as the arm telescopic stroke is 500mm,the arm lifting stroke is 100mm, at the same time, the manipulator hand structure is determined for clamp type, the manipulator’s wrist, arm, and base structure, drawing the manipulator hydraulic system diagram. Researching hydraulic system diagram, improve the quality and efficiency of drawing. Control manipulator by PLC position control, select a suitable PLC type, According to the design requirements, using FX2N48M according to the manipulator working flow diagram, setting PLC control precept, assign I/O connect port, drawing the exterior connect diagram of PLC. Key words: manipulator, hydraulic, PLC control灯壳冲压自动生产线用下料机械手设计 III 目录1绪论.........................................................................................................................................................1 1.1选题背景及意义............................................................................................................................1 1.2国内外研究现状和趋势...............................................................................................................1 1.3设计原则..........................................................................................................................................3 1.4机械手的总体研究方案...............................................................................................................3 1.5本章小结..........................................................................................................................................4 2机械手机械部分的设计和计算 ..............................................................................................5 2.1手部的设计和计算........................................................................................................................5 2.2手腕的设计和计算........................................................................................................................9 2.3手臂的设计和计算......................................................................................................................11 2.4本章小结........................................................................................................................................18 3.液压系统设计..................................................................................................................................19 3.1液压系统的组成..........................................................................................................................19 3.2液压系统的优缺点......................................................................................................................19 3.3制定液压系统的基本方案........................................................................................................20 3.4液压缸的结构设计......................................................................................................................20 3.5液压元件的选型..........................................................................................................................21 3.6液压系统性能验算......................................................................................................................23 3.7液压控制原理及过程.................................................................................................................24 3.8油缸泄露问题与密封装置........................................................................................................25 3.9管路布置........................................................................................................................................25 3.10本章小结......................................................................................................................................26 4PLC控制系统设计........................................................................................................................27 4.1PLC的功能和应用.......................................................................................................................27 4.2常用的位置检测元件.................................................................................................................28 4.3PLC控制系统的设计......................................................................