形容词、副词(讲解)

Theyhavejustboughtanewcar.Thetomatosoupisdelicious.Ithoughthimhonest.Shecamebackhome,coldandhungry.(定语)(表语)(宾补)(状语)形容词的句法功用形容词是用来修饰名词和代词，表示人和事物的特征和性质，在句中作定语、表语、宾补、状语Hiseffortsproveduseless.。Ourmonitorishandsomeandstrong.Theclothfeelssoft.形容词的句法功用作表语(在系动词后)be；look,seem,sound,smell,taste,feel,become,get,go,grow,turn,remain/keep,proveIsmeltthefishcarefullyandthefishsmeltterrible.Thericeisgrowingnice.Wearegrowingold.Milk______badeasilyinsummer.He__________________atthemeeting.(保持沉默)Somethinghas____________withmywatch.(出故障)goeskeptsilentremainedgonewrong有些词只能作表语,称为表语形容词.alive;alone;awake;asleep;ashamed;afraidTheboyisstillasleep.Thefishisstillalive.但alive,asleep可以放在名词后作后置定语。Thechildistheonlypersonaliveinthesmallvillageaftertheearthquake.形容词的句法功用作表语Whichisright?asleepingboyanasleepboytheboyalive×Pleasekeepthedooropen.Wefoundhimdeadonthefloor.Whohasmadehimangry?形容词的句法功用作宾语补足语没有什么能使他伤心.Nothingcan____________.他尽量使他的课有趣.Hetriedto_____hislessons_________.请睁大眼睛.Please_____youreyes______.makehimsadmakeinterestingkeepopenHeislyingontheground,dead.Theygothome,tiredandhungry.形容词的句法功用作状语形容词的名词化therich富人thepoor穷人theyoung年轻人theold老年人thewounded伤员thedead死者the+某些形容词，表示“某一类人”Thewoundedarebeinglookedafterinthehospital.1.副词的基本功能:作状语，修饰动词：Hedrivescarefully.Heplaystennisverybadly.修饰全句的副词一般放在句首：Fortunately,hewasnotinjured.Surprisingly,hegothomesoearly.2.频度副词:often,always,usually,seldom,never,sometimes,hardly等的位置Shealwaysgoestoheraunt’sbytrain.Hehadhardlygotupwhenthetelephonerang.Weusuallyhaveadiscussionafterclass.一般在实义动词前，助动词、系动词、情态动词后构成法原级比较级最高级单音节词末+er/estsmallsmallersmallest以-e结尾词+r/stfinefinerfinest重读闭音节须双写末尾辅音字母后再+er/estbighotbiggerhotterbiggesthottest以辅音+y结尾的词须去掉y变为i再+er/esthappyhappierhappiest多音节词在其前+more/mostbeautifulmorebeautifulmostbeautiful一.形容词、副词的比较级、最高级(规则变化)原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/ill/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest一.形容词、副词的比较级、最高级(不规则变化)*形容词最高级前面必须加the副词最高级前面可以不加the二.形容词、副词比较级最高级的几种常用句型1.比较级+than:HeistallerthanI.Thisoneismoredifficultthanthatone.2.as+原级+as:Heisastallashisbrother.Ihaveasmanybooksasyouhave.3.不如…notas/so+原级+as:…less+形容词/副词+than…Thisdressisnotso/asexpensiveasthatone.Thisdressislessexpensivethanthatone.Todayisnotsocoldasyesterday.Hedoesn’tearnasmuchmoneyashissisterdoes.=Heearnslessmoneythanhissisterdoes.5.“越来越…”比较级+and+比较级：Winteriscoming.Theweatherisgettingcolderandcolder.Thetreesgrowtallerandtalleryearbyyear.6.“越…，就越…”the+比较级，the+比较级：Theharderyouworkatit,thebetteryou’lldoinit.Themoreyoutalk,thelesspatienthegets.7.the+比较级(+ofthetwo…)指“两者中较…样的一个”Iwanttotalkwiththetallerofthetwins.Ofthetwobooks,Iwilltakethethinner.二.形容词、副词比较级最高级的几种常用句型4.the+最高级+of/in+比较范围：Heisthetallestoftheboysinhisclass.Ourcountryhasthelargestpopulationintheworld.1)倍数as+原级+asThisroomistwiceasbigasthatoneTheyproducedthreetimesasmanyTVsetsastheydidlastyear.2)倍数+比较级+thanTheironboxisthreetimesheavierthanthewoodenoneTheyproducedtwicemoregrainthanwedid.三.形容词、副词倍数的表达法四.形容词、副词比较级最高级其它要点1.much;even;rather;alittle;abit;alot;far/byfar;any等词可用来修饰比较级Thisbookismuch/alittle/farbetterthanthatone.Areyoufeelinganybetter?No,evenworse.Therearenowalotmoretreesonthehillaroundthevillage.2.名词词组如fiveyears,tenmetres可用来修饰比较级Iamfiveyearsolderthanyou.HeisaheadtallerthanI.Thisbridgeistwohundredmetreslongerthanthatone.四.形容词、副词比较级最高级其它要点*3.区别两种句型：not+比较级+than(不超过)no+比较级+than(并不比…更…)试比较：HeisnottallerthanI.TomisnotallerthanJack.Iamnoricherthanyou.（他不比我高）我并不比你有钱。(=Iamaspoorasyou.)(=TomisasshortasJack.)*nomorethan=onlyHehasnomorethanfivedollarsinhispocket.1.enough的用法(位置)It’s___________today.今天够热的。Hestudied___________topasstheexam.他学习很努力，通过了考试。Hashegot_____________?他有足够的钱吗?修饰形容词、副词，放在其修饰词后修饰名词，放在其修饰词前。hotenoughhardenoughenoughmoney2.以-ly结尾的词性辨析:大部分的副词都是形容词+ly构成,但少数以-ly结尾的词是形容词:lively,lonely,lovely,deadly(致命的),friendly,ugly,silly,likely3.alive/live/lively/living---adj.alive–表语，后置定语“活的”living–表语、定语“活的”lively“活跃的、充满生机的”live[laiv]1)“活的=living”2)“实况转播的”见《3+证书》P.73-744.ill/sicksick：有病的---，定语,表语ill:有病的--只作表语;恶意的,坏的–作定语5.present(后置定语)出席的,在场的thestudentspresent(前置定语)目前的,现在的thepresentsituation见《3+证书》P.74/P.756.hard/hardly努力/几乎不7.late/lately迟到/最近8.alone/lonely单独/孤独9.already/still/yet已经/仍然,还10.also/either/too也11.quite/quiet相当/安静其它：12.high/highly高/greatly13.wide/widely宽/广泛地14.deep/deeply深/深深地15.bad/badly坏/坏，非常16.so/suchso+adj./adv.Thebookissointeresting.Heransoquicklythatnoonecouldcatchhim.such+adj.+n.Heissuchaniceboythatweallwanttobehisfriends.*so+many/much/little/fewThereweresomanybooksherethatIcouldn’tdecidewhichtochoose.*so+adj.+a+n.Itissolovelyadaythateveryonewantstogooutforanouting.17.nolonger/nomore不再nolonger(指时间上不再延续)=not…anylongernomore(指动作的次数不再反复)=not…anymoreHe__________workshere.Iseehim_________.=I______seehim________.nolongernomoredon’tanymore18.close/closed;openclosev.关闭adj.靠近的，亲密的closedadj.关闭的open:v.打开adj.打开的Thedoorisopen.Thedoorisclosed.Keepthedoor_______（关）andthewindow_______（开）.closedopen19.形容词排序1.形容2.size3.shape4.age5.color6.材料lovelynicebigtinysmallroundsquareovaloldnewmodernredbluewooden