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1高一英语专题培优——阅读理解解题技巧第三节：阅读理解之推理判断题分析解读：推理判断题考查学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，对作者的态度及文章细节的发展做出正确推理判断的能力。考生需尽量考虑文中的全部信息和事实，在理解通篇文章的基础上去领会作者的言外之意，并做出正确的推断，这是对文章深层次的把握，属于高层次的阅读理解。即根据阅读材料中所提供的已知信息，推断出未知部分。文章中没有明确的答案。要求考生从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法和观点。技巧点拨：1.常见提问方式：(1)Itcanbeinferred/concludedfromthepassagethat______?(2)Thewritersuggeststhat______?(3)Theauthorusestheexampleof…toshowthat______?(4)What’stheauthor’sattitudetoward_______?(5)Fromthestorywecanguess_______?(6)Whatwouldhappenif_______?(7)Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragreewith?(8)What’sthetone语气oftheauthor?(9)Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablybe_____?(10)Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?2.解答步骤：（1）定位信息：通过寻读找到相关信息点。（2）字面理解：理解相关信息点的字面意义。（3）深层理解：结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。3.干扰项的特点：（1）只是原文的简单复述，而非推断出来的结论，把直接表达当做间接推理。（2）看似从原文推断出来的结论，然而实际上与原文不符，如因果倒置，手段变目的等。（3）根据考生已有的常识来看是正确的，但是却不是基于文章（4）推理过头，引申过度。4.注意：有时作者并未把意图说出来，我们可根据字面意思，通过研究语篇的逻辑关系和细节的暗示，来推敲作者的态度，进行深层理解。2典型例析：一．推断隐含意义：例：Didyoueverhearastrangesoundcomingfromthewall?Diditsoundlikeaclock?Ifso,itmayhavebeenmadebyabeetle.Longagopeoplethoughtthetickingmeantthatsomeonewasabouttodie.Thusthebeetleiscalledthedeathwatchbeetle.Q：Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatthesoundofthisbeetle________.A.leasedpeopleB.surprisedpeople.C.frightenedpeople.D.excitedpeople.练一练:Onedayamanwalkedapetshopandsaidtotheshopassistant,“Ineedtwosmallmiceandaboutfivedozenroaches(蟑螂)andtwospiders(蜘蛛).”“Whatdoyouneedthesethingsfor?”theshopassistantwasverysurprised.“Well,”repliedtheman,“I’mmovingoutofmyapartmentandthelandlord(房东)insiststhatIshouldleavethehouseinexactlythesameconditionasIfoundit.”Q:Thepassagesuggeststhatwhenthewritermovedintotheapartment,itwas_______.A．verycleanB.justcleanedbythelandlordC.tidyandcomfortableD.dirtyandfullofinsects(昆虫)技巧：这类题干中通常含有infer,imply,suggest,conclude,indicate(暗示)等标志性词语。解题步骤：1,全面分析2,忠实原文3,不要选择表层信息二．推断作者观点或态度：例：ButinLondon,dinnerpartiesareinpeople‘shomes.Notonlythat,theguestsareaninterestingmix.ThelasttimeIwenttoone,theguestswerefromFrance,India,DenmarkandNigeria;itwaslikeagatheringattheUnitedNations.InNewYorkthemixislessinteresting.It’slikeagatheringatBloomingdale‘s,awell-knowndepartmentstore.Q：WhatdoestheauthorthinkofthepartiesinLondon?A.Abitunusual.B.Fulloftricks.C.Lesscostly.D.Moreinteresting练一练:Whyisn’tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews?AllIreadaboutismurder,bribery(行贿)，anddeath..Frankly,I’msickofallthisbadnews.Q:What’sauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreporting?A.ComplainB.ApologizeC.AdmiringD.Support技巧：注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，推断出作者的弦外之音。站在作者的立场或角度思考答案。表示态度的形容词：(1)positive积极的(9)reserved(2)negative消极的(10)indifferent漠不关心的(3)optimistic乐观的(11)cautious谨慎的(4)pessimistic悲观的(12)surprised惊讶的(5)objective客观的(13)sympathize同情的(6)subjective主观的(14)support支持的(7)admiring羡慕的(15)doubt怀疑的3(8)critical批评的(16)approve赞成的（17）ironic讽刺的（18）neutral中立的三．推断写作目的：例：“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?”askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh.“Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves,”hesaid.Q：Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto___________.A.testthereaders’knowledgeaboutwavesB.drawthereaders’attentiontothetopicC.showJamieTaylor’simportanceD.invitethereaderstoanswerthem练一练:AyoungmanfromavillagecalledNawalapitiyamarriedayoungwomanfromMaliyuwa,anearbyvillage.Theylivedwiththeman’sbigfamily——hisparents,hisbrothers,theiryoungwivesandchildren.Thefamilykeptanelephant,inwhichtheyoungwomansoontookagreatinterest.Everydayshefeditwithfruitandsugar.Threemonthslaterthewomanwentbacktoherparents’home,havingquarreled(吵架)withherhusband.Soontheelephantrefused(拒绝)toeatorwork.Itappearedtobeillandheart-broken.Onemorningafterseveralweekstheanimaldisappearedfromthehouse.Itwenttothewomen’shome.Onseeingher,theelephantwaveditstrunkandtouchedherwithit.Theyoungwomanwassomovedbytheactoftheanimalthatshereturnedtoherhusband’shome.Q.Thewriterwrotethestoryinorderto_______.A.showthatelephantsareveryclever主观臆想B.tellhowawomantrainedawildanimalC.showthatwomencaremoreforanimalthanmendoD.tellhowananimalreunitedahusbandandwife技巧：这类题的题干中常有purpose，或者后面接有目的的动词不定式，如：intendto,meantto,inorderto等。我们可以根据文章的主旨和体裁来判断作者的目的和态度。与写作目的对应的文章如下：（1）toentertainreaders(使读者愉悦、发笑)：常见于个人经历或故事类的文章。（2）topersuadereaders(说服读者接受某种观点)：常见于广告或议论文。toinformreaders(告知读者某些信息)：多见于新闻报道类、科普类、文化类或社会类的文章，以及劝告性或建议性文章。（3）开头提出问题——让读者关注主题。简介相关事物——为了引出主题。列举具体事例——说明文段的主题温馨提示：设身处地站在作者的角度上想一想四．推断文章出处：例：Don’twanderaimlesslythroughlife.Getconfusedonyourgoals,starthelpingothersin4need,andlivelifetothefullest!Lifeistooshorttobeanythingbuthappy.Visitmyblogandfindwhatyou’vebeenmissing.Sighupformynewsletterandgetsevenfreeebooks,too!Readhundredsofarticleswhileyou’rethereinthearticlesection,whichisupdateddaily.Q：Thistextmustbetakenfrom___________.A.aradioprogramB.awebsiteC.anewspaperD.aTVprogram练一练:WATCHCONTROLThisisawatchthatJamesBondwouldbeproudtowear!ThisisNOTawatchforordinarypeople!YourelectronicPENGOWATCHCONTROL·actsasaremotecontrolforTVsandvideos.·givesyouadailyweatherforecast.·remindsyouwhentohandi