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句子成分MembersofaSentence句子成分•定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；•主要成分：主语和谓语•次要成分：宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语、同位语1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓状语㈠主语（subject）说明的人或事物•Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.•Shewentoutinahurry.•Fourplusfouriseight.•Toseeistobelieve.•Smokingisbadforhealth.•Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.•Whathehassaidistrue.•Thesunrisesintheeast.•（名词）•Helikesdancing.•（代词）•Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.•（数词）•Seeingisbelieving.•（动名词）•Toseeistobelieve.•（不定式）•Whatheneedsisabook.•（从句）•Itisveryclearthatthesunrisesintheeast.•（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）找出句中主语㈡谓语（predictate）说明主语的动作、状态和特征•简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成•Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill.•Helookedaftertwoorphans.•复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;•HecanspeakEnglishwell.•Hehascaughtabadcold.•Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing（三）宾语（Object）•表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于动词和介词后面。例如：1.Heisdoinghishomework.2.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.3.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（名词）（代词）（名词、数词）4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.5.Hepretendednottoseeme.6.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.7.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（名词化形容词，名词）（不定式短语）（动名词短语）（宾语从句）▲直接宾语和间接宾语有些及物动词后面要跟2个宾语,分为直接宾语和间接宾语;直接宾语多为物,间接宾语多为人，表明动作是对谁做的。Webroughtthemsomefood.主谓间宾直宾Heshowedmehowtorunthemachine.主谓间宾直宾若先说直接宾语(物),后说间接宾语(人),必须借助介词to或for：Weboughtsomefoodforthem.Heshowedhowtorunthemachinetous.宾语补足语----有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思,还必须在宾语后加上宾语补足语,句意才完整。宾补补充说明宾语干什么,或处于何种状态。名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,现在分词和过去分词可充当宾补。形容词Leavethedooropen.副词WefoundJohnoutwhenwearrived.介词短语Makeyourselfathome.省略to的不定式Isawhimenterthehall.现在分词Thebosskeepsthemworkingallday.过去分词Iheardmynamecalled.（四）定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句•Heisacleverboy.•Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.•Thereare54studentsinourclass.•Doyouknownbetty’ssister?•Heboughtsomesleepingpills.•Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.•Hisspokenlanguageisgood.(形容词)(名词)(数词)(名词的所有格)(动名词)(现在分词)(过去分词)Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?Thereisnothinginterestinginthisbook.（五）状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。•Iwillbebackinawhile.•Theyareplayingontheplayground.•Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.•HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain.Johnoftencametochatwithme．Ashewasill,hedidn’tcometoclassyesterday.Sheissittingatthedesk,doingherhomework.Myfatherworkedinthisschooltenyearsago.Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.Hecamerunning.(程度目的)（地点伴随）（地点时间）（让步）（方式）(原因)•Iwaitedtoseeyou.•Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.•Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.•Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.•Thisbookisveryinteresting.•Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.•Healwayscomeslatetoschool.（六）宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.•Ifoundthebookinteresting.•Doyousmellsomethingburning?•Hemadehimselfknowntothem.•Sheaskedmetolendherahand.•Pleasemakeyourselfathome.•Pleasekeepthedogout.•Wemustkeepitasecret.主动语态变成被动语态后,宾语补足语变成主补.Ilastsawhimplayingneartheriver.→Hewaslastseenplayingneartheriver.Theteachercaughtthestudentcheatingintheexam→ThestudentwascaughtcheatingintheexamWemadehimmonitor.→Hewasmademonitor.Hepushedthedooropen.→Thedoorwaspushedopen.（七）表语系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征常见的系动词有:•be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,•feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become,•get,grow,come,goetc.系动词不用于被动语态.•Theappletastessweet.1.Thewarwasover.2.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.3.Timeisprecious.4.I’mnotquitemyselftoday.5.Whowasthefirst?6.Heisoutofcondition.7.ThebookiswhatIneed.（八）同位语位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.名词Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.代词Heistheoldestamongthemfour.数词Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthegame.从句HetoldmethenewsthatIaminterestedin.从句Exercises:分析句子结构•Youareastudent.•Hefelthappytoday.•Whatyousaidmademehappy.•CouldyougivemesomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglishwell?•Afterhefinishedhishomework,hewentaway.•Helikespopmusic.(一)挑出下列句中的宾语①Mybrotherhasn’tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.(二)挑出下列句中的表语--Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.--Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.--SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.(三)挑出下列句中的定语1.Whatisyourgivenname?2.Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.3.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.4.Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!(四)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.(五)挑出下列句中的状语①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.④Themanonthemotorbikewastravelingtoofast.⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.⑦Iamafraidthatifyou’velostit,youmustpayforit.⑧ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.一、主语主语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.Thesunrisesintheeast.（）2.Helikesdancing.（）3.Twowillbeenough.()4.Seeingisbelieving.（）6.Toseeistobelieve.（）7.Whentoholdthemeetinghasnotbeendecidedyet.()8.Whatheneedsisabook.（）9.Itisveryclearthattheelepha