2011年自考英语(二)章节复习资料汇总

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2011年自考英语(二)章节复习资料汇总重点单词扩充讲解:1.organizational:a组织上的由此我们可以联想到:organize:v组织;organization:n组织;organizer:n组织者请看下列习题,选择该组词里恰当的词填空:1).Lastweek,ourschool________aspringouting.2).Thetaskcallsforthehighest_________skill.3).ChinahasjoinedWorldTrade__________.4).Heisthe__________ofthespeechcontest.Answers:organized,organizational,Organization,organizer2.objective:n目标;a客观的,反义词subjective:主观的3.predict:v预言、预示;由此我们可以联想到:prediction:n预言;predictable:a可预测的;predictor:n预言家4.simplify:v简化由此我们可以联想到:simple:a简单的;simply:ad简单地,仅仅地;simplification:n简化;simplified:a被简化的。Exercisesfortheabovewords:1).Themachineis_____inoperationbutcomplexinstructure.2).Shakespeare’sRomeoandJulietintheoriginalisbeyondourcapacitywhile____editionisquiteeasy.3).Thereisnopointinarguingaboutit,becauseitis_______aquestionofprocedure.4).The______ofworkingprocessfreedtheworkersfroheavylabor.Answers:simple;simplified;simply;simplification5.tendency:n趋势、倾向;tend:v倾向于…,tendtodosthe.g.oldpeoplehavethetendencyofgettingfatter.Oroldpeopletendtogetfatter.6.managerial:a经理的、经营上的;由此我们可以联想到:manage:v管理、经营;management:n;manager:n经营者,管理者;manageable:a可管理的、可经营的。7.argue:v争辩、争论,常用固定搭配:arguwithsbabout/oversth由于某事而同某人争论;arguesbintodoingsth说服某人做某事;arguesboutofdoingsth说服某人不要做某事。e.g.1.Theyoungcouplealwaysarguewitheachotherovertheirchild’seducation.2.Iarguedhimoutofgoingonsuchadangerousjourney.8.define:v给…下定义;definition:n定义9.profitability:n赚钱,获利由此我们可以联想到:profit:n利润;profitable:a有利可图的,有好处的;profitless:a没有利润的。1).Hehasmadea_____fromrunningasmallrestaurant.2).Thedealwas______toallofus.3).Theyvalued_______differently,whichledtodisagreementastothecorrectnessofdecision.Answer:profit,profitable;profitability.10.correctness:n正确性;字根:correct:a正确的;v纠正,correction:n纠正;incorrect:a不正确的。11.unintended:a非计划中的,由此我们可以联想到:intend:v打算,计划;intention:n;intended:a计划中的课文难句讲解、分析1.Adecisionisachoicemadefromamongalternativecoursesofactionthatareavailable.(p1)译:决策就是从几种可以选择的做法中作出选择。分析:该句是主系表结构。madefromamongalternativecoursesofactionthatareavailable是过去分词短语做定语修饰achoice;其中thatareavailable是定语从句修饰coursesofaction.像这样一环修饰一环的句子结构在英文中很普遍,因此为了看懂句子大家必须学会分析。这是整个英语学习过程中很重要的能力!2.Thereasonformakingadecisionisthataproblemexists,goalsorobjectivesarewrong,orsomethingisstandinginthewayofaccomplishingthem.(p1)译:做出决策的原因是因为存在问题,目标或目的有错误,或者有某种东西防碍着它们的实现。分析:该句又是主系表结构。That引导三个并列的表语从句,①aproblemexists,②goalsorobjectivesarewrong;③somethingisstandinginthewayofaccomplishingthem。短语:makeadecision:做出决策;standintheway:阻挡、防碍3.Oftenmanagersmustmakeabestguessatwhatthefuturewillbeandtrytoleaveaslittleaspossibletochance,butsinceuncertaintyisalwaysthere,riskaccompaniesdecisions.(p2)译:通常管理者必须对未来的情况做出最佳预测,从而使偶然性尽可能少地发生,但因为不确定性总是存在,所以决策常伴随着风险。分析:前半句是主谓宾结构。whatthefuturewillbe是at的宾语;aslittleaspossible做leave的宾语;since引导原因状语从句,相当于because.4.Ifthereisnochoice,thereisnodecisiontobemade.(p3)译:如果没有选择,就不会有决策。分析:这是一句很简单的条件状语从句,但它有一个很重要的考点:tobemade。这是动词不定式做定语修饰decision,有将来意味。比如:Thelastquestiontobediscussedtodayishowtodividetheworkamongourselves.5.Formanagers,everydecisionhasconstraintsbasedonpolicies,procedures,laws,precedents,andthelike.(p3)译:对于管理者而言,每次决策都受到政策、程序、法律以及惯例等因素制约。分析:这句话的考点是basedonpolicies,procedures,laws,precedents,andthelike。同样是过去分词短语做定语修饰constraints。其中词组:base…on以…为基础。如:ThefilmisbasedonsshortstorybyJackLondon.6.Butthetendencytosimplifyblindsthemtootheralternatives.(p4)译:但是这种简化的倾向使得他们看不到其他可供选择的方法。分析:该句主语thetendencytosimplify,谓语blinds;them是宾语。tosimplify是定语,修饰thetendency;tootheralternatives是宾补。其中短语:blindsbtosth:使…看不见…;weshouldn’tletourprejudicesblindustothefacts.7.Becauseindividuals(andorganizations)frequentlyhavedifferentideasabouthowtoattainthegoals,thebestchoicemaydependonwhomakesthedecision.(p6line4--6)译:因为个人(和组织)关于如何达到目的常有不同的观点,哪种是最优的选择可能要看是谁做出决策。分析:这是一个由because引导的原因状语从句。其中howtoattainthegoals做介词about的宾语,whomakesthedecision做介词on的宾语。8.Someoftheseobjectivesaremoreimportantthanothers,buttheorderanddegreeofimportanceoftenvaryfrompersontopersonandfromdepartmenttodepartment.(p7line2--4)译:其中有一些目标比其它的更重要,但其顺序和重要程度因人和不同的部门而异。分析:请注意比较级moreimportantthan,词组:varyfrompersontoperson译成中文:因人而异,可以推出:因季节而异varyfromseasontoseason….9.Whenpresentedwithacommoncase,salesmanagerstendtoseesalesproblems,productionmanagersseeproductionproblems,andsoon.(p7line5--7)译:当面对同一件日常事情时,销售经理倾向于看销售问题,而生产经理则会看生产相关的问题,等等。分析:前半部分为常考内容,它是when+过去分词短语,构成时间状语部分。其中词组:bepresentedwith=befacedwith当面对…Whenfacedwithdifficulties,weshouldbebrave..10.Peopleoftenassumethatadecisionisanisolatedphenomenon.(p9)译:人们经常假设一项决策是孤立的现象。分析:句子结构简单:主谓宾(从句)。其中assume:=imagine;isolated:adj孤立的。phenomenon:n现象;复数变化较特殊:phenomena重点单词、词组详讲1.interview:n/v采访、面试;interviewer:n采访者;interviewee:n被采访者e.g.1.Who'sthemostfamouspersonyou'veeverinterviewedonTV?2.InaTVinterviewlastnight,shedeniedshehadanyintentionofresigning.2.criticism:n批评,评论;criticize:v批评;critical:a批评的、挑剔的、关键的;critic:n评论家,请填填看。1Heisaliterary______.2Weareata_______timeinourhistory.3Hecan'ttake________.4Theboywas______byhisfatherforbeinglateforschool.Answers:critic,critical,criticism,criticized3.indifference:n冷漠、漠不关心;indifferent:a冷漠的,反义词:enthusiastic:热情的cf:different:a不同的,名词:difference;反

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