考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案：理学类(10套)

考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案：理学类(10套)Scientistshaveknownsince1952thatDNAisthebasicstuffofheredity.They'veknownitschemicalstructuresince1953.TheyknowthathumanDNAactslikeabiologicalcomputerprogramsome3billionbitslongthatspellsouttheinstructionsformakingproteins，thebasicbuildingblocksoflife.Buteverythingthegeneticengineershaveaccomplishedduringthepasthalf-centuryisjustapreambletotheworkthatCollinsandAndersonandlegionsofcolleaguesaredoingnow.CollinsleadstheHumanGenomeProject，a15-yearefforttodrawthefirstdetailedmapofeverynookandcrannyandgeneinhumanDNA.Anderson，whopioneeredthefirstsuccessfulhumangene-therapyoperations，isleadingthecampaigntoputinformationaboutDNAtouseasquicklyaspossibleinthetreatmentandpreventionofhumandiseases.Whattheyandotherresearchersareplottingisnothinglessthanabiomedicalrevolution.LikeSiliconValleypiratesreverse-engineeringacomputerchiptostealacompetitor'ssecrets，geneticengineersaredecodinglife'smolecularsecretsandtryingtousethatknowledgetoreversethenaturalcourseofdisease.DNAintheirhandshasbecomebothablueprintandadrug，apharmacologicalsubstanceofextraordinarypotencythatcantreatnotjustsymptomsorthediseasesthatcausethembutalsotheimperfectionsinDNAthatmakepeoplesusceptibletoadisease.Andthat'sjustthebeginning.Forallthefeveredworkbeingdone，however，scienceisstillfarawayfromtheBraveNewWorldvisionofengineeringaperfecthuman—orevenaperfecttomato.Muchmoreresearchisneededbeforegenetherapybecomescommonplace，andmanydiseaseswilltakedecadestoconquer，iftheycanbeconqueredatall.Intheshortrun，themostpracticalwaytousethenewtechnologywillbeingeneticscreening.DoctorswillbeabletodetectallsortsofflawsinDNAlongbeforetheycanbefixed.Insomecasestheknowledgemayleadtotreatmentsthatdelaytheonsetofthediseaseorsoftenitseffects.Someonewithageneticpredispositiontoheartdisease，forexample，couldfollowalow-fatdiet.Andifscientistsdeterminethatavitalproteinismissingbecausethegenethatwassupposedtomakeitisdefective，theymightbeabletogivethepatientanartificialversionoftheprotein.Butinotherinstances，almostnothingcanbedonetostoptheravagesbroughtonbygeneticmutations.(409words)1.ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatCollinsandAndersonandlegionsofcolleagues_____.[A]knowthathumanDNAactslikeabiologicalcomputerprogram[B]havefoundthebasicbuildingblocksoflife[C]haveaccomplishedsomegeneticdiscoveryduringthepasthalf-century[D]aremakingabreakthroughinDNA2.CollinsandAndersonarecitedinthetexttoindicateallthefollowingEXCEPTthat______.[A]time-consumingeffortisneededtoaccomplishthedetailedmapofinhumanDNA[B]humangene-therapyoperationsmaybeappliedtothepatients[C]gene-therapynowisalreadygenerallyusedtothetreatmentandpreventionofhumandiseases[D]informationaboutDNAmaybeusedinthetreatmentandpreventionofhumandiseases3.Theword“pirate”(line2，paragraph3)means______.[A]onewhorobsatseaorplundersthelandfromthesea[B]onewhomakesuseoforreproducestheworkofanotherwithoutauthorization[C]totake(something)bypiracy[D]tomakeuseoforreproduce(another'swork)withoutauthorization4.Wecandrawaconclusionfromthetextthat_____.[A]engineeringaperfecthumanisnotfeasibleforthetimebeing[B]it‘simpossibleforscientiststoengineeraperfecttomato[C]manydiseaseswillneverbeconqueredbyhumanbeings[D]doctorswillbeabletocureallsortsofflawsinDNAinthelongrun5.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe______.[A]DNAandHeredity[B]TheGeneticRevolution[C]ABiomedicalRevolution[D]HowtoApplyGeneticTechnology词汇注释stuff物质preamble开端nookandcranny排列potency力量susceptible易受感染的predisposition易患病的体质难句讲解1.TheyknowthathumanDNAactslikeabiologicalcomputerprogramsome3billionbitslongthatspellsouttheinstructionsformakingproteins，thebasicbuildingblocksoflife.[简析]本句话的主干是“Theyknowthat…”。they指的是前面句子中提到的scientists;第一个引导的是宾语从句，some3billionbitslong修饰computerprogram，第二个that也修饰computerprogram;thebasicbuildingblocksoflife是在解释proteins.2.Anderson，whopioneeredthefirstsuccessfulhumangene-therapyoperations，isleadingthecampaigntoputinformationaboutDNAtouseasquicklyaspossibleinthetreatmentandpreventionofhumandiseases.[简析]本句话的主干是“Andersonisleadingthecampaign…”。Who引导的非限定性定语从句，修饰Anderson;toputinformation…短语修饰campaign，其中的touse…作目的状语。3.DNAintheirhandshasbecomebothablueprintandadrug，apharmacologicalsubstanceofextraordinarypotencythatcantreatnotjustsymptomsorthediseasesthatcausethembutalsotheimperfectionsinDNAthatmakepeoplesusceptibletoadisease.[简析]本句话的主干是“DNAhasbecomebothablueprintandadrug”。intheirhands修饰DNA;apharmacologicalsubstance…是在解释前面的drug，其中的第一个that引导的定语从句修饰pharmacologicalsubstance;第二个that引导的定语从句修饰imperfections.4.Andifscientistsdeterminethatavitalproteinismissingbecausethegenethatwassupposedtomakeitisdefective，theymightbeabletogivethepatientanartificialversionoftheprotein.[简析]本句话的主干是“…theymightbeabletogivethepatientanartificialversionoftheprotein”。If引导的是条件状语从句，其中的第一个that引导的是宾语从句，because引导的时原因状语从句;第二个that引导的定语从句修饰gene.答案与解析36.D推论题。本题的问题是“根据本文，可以推知：柯林斯、安德森以及他们的众多同事”。题干中的“CollinsandAndersonandlegionsofcolleagues”出自文章第二段第一句话中，表明本题与第二段有关。第二段提到，柯林斯领导了“人类基因工程”研究项目，而安德森首创了人类第一次成功的基因治疗手术，并且正在领导一项有关DNA的研究活动;第三段接着介绍了他们掌握的DNA的作用。由此可知，这些研究人员对DNA的研究正在取得进步。[D]“正在取得DNA领域的突破”是对文中相关信息的概括，为正确答案。[A]“知道人类的D