英译汉Unit1(1)Promisingarethecross-culturalstudiesseekingtosupportDarwin’stheorythatfacialexpressionsareuniversalandresearchersfoundthattheparticularvisiblepatternontheface,thecombinationofmusclescontractedforanger,fear,surprise,sadness,disgust,happinessisthesameforallmembersofourspecies,butthisseemshelpfuluntilitisrealizedthataperson’sculturalupbringingdetermineswhetherornotthatemotionwillbedisplayedorsuppressed,aswellasonwhichoccasionsandtowhatdegree.力求证明达尔文关于面部表情是共同的这一理论的跨文化研究给人极大的希望,研究者发现脸部的某些看得见的形状,即因愤怒、恐惧、惊讶、悲伤、厌恶、幸福而紧缩的肌肉组合,我们人类各成员都是一样的。但是这似乎无济于事,只要我们意识到一个人生长的文化决定了这种情感是否会表露或压抑,决定了在何种场合和多大的程度上会表露或压抑。(2)Thestumblingblockofassumedsimilarityisa“troublem,”asoneEnglishlearnerexpressedit,notonlyfortheforeignerbutforthepeopleinthehostcountrywithwhomtheinternationalvisitorcomesintocontact.正如一个学习英语的人所表达的那样,相似性的假设这个的绊脚石是一个“麻烦”,不仅仅是对于来访的外国人,就连这个外国人接触的东道国的人也都是个问题。(3)Theyabstractwhateverfitsintotheirpersonalworldofrecognitionandtheninterpretitthroughtheframeofreferenceoftheirownculture.他们只提取出那些适合他们认可的个人世界的东西,然后按照他们自身文化为参考系来加以解释。Unit3(1)ThekeytoCrockpotstepfamiliesistimeandlowheat.I’vealreadystressedtheimportanceofbeingpatientwiththeintegrationprocessandnottryingtoforcelove,care,ortogetherness.Often,inanattempttoquicklycombinevariousingredientssuchaspeople,rituals,andbackgrounds,stepfamiliesusethefoodprocessor,microwave,pressurecooker,andblenderintegrationstyles.瓦罐煨汤式融合的继亲家庭的关键是温火慢炖。前文我已经强调了整合过程中有耐心,而不强迫关爱、强迫关心、强迫在一起的重要性。通常,为了快速的将诸如人,仪式和背景等原料合并一体,继亲家庭采用食品加工式,微波炉式,高压锅式和果汁机式的融合方式。(2)Stepfamiliesneedtimetoadjusttonewlivingconditions,newparentingstyles,rules,andresponsibilities.Theyneedtimetoexperienceoneanotheranddeveloptrust,commitment,andasharedhistory.Theyneedtimetofindasenseofbelongingandanidentityasafamilyunit.Noneofthesethingscanberushed.继亲家庭需要时间来适应新的居住环境,新的父母家教风格,规矩和责任。他们需要时间来相互体验,产生信任,形成忠诚,创造共同的历史。他们需要时间来寻找作为一个家庭的归属感和认同感。所有这些都不能操之过急。(3)Awatchedpotneverboils.心急水不开。(4)Meredithconsideredither“downtime”torelaxandreadagoodbook,Terryenjoyedplayingwithfriends,whileJoemasteredhislatestcomputergame.Meredith会把闲暇时间当作者“工歇时间”,放松自己,读一本好书。Terry喜欢和朋友们一起玩,而Joe则精通又一种最新的电脑游戏。Unit4(1)Wheneconomistsfirstbegantomeasurethesourcesofeconomicgrowth,whatpreviouslyhadbeenconsideredanunexplainedresidualbecameidentifiedashumancapital.当经济学家开始测定经济发展的因素时,从前被认为是无法解释的剩余因素被决定为人力资本。(2)Theterm“humancapital”suggeststosomeadepersonalizationofindividualandisassociatedinthepopularmindwithadehumanizingsocietythatequatesmenwithmachines.“人力资本”这一术语让人觉得是剥夺人的个性,在公众的脑海里联想到将人与机器等同的异化社会。(3)WhenwethinkaboutanappropriateinvestmentstrategyinChina,andthedevelopmentofitsregions,itisveryimportanttounderstandthatoptimizingoverthefullportfolioofinvestment—bothhumanandphysicalcapital—promotethehighestrateofgrowth.当我们思考在中国的适当投资策略以及各地区发展的时候,十分重要的是要知道,优化人力资本和实物资本投资组合将推动最高速度的发展。(4)Therearebenefitstoeducationthatarenotdirectlycapturedbyindividuals,theseexternalitiesarelikelytobequitelargeinChina.教育的收益有些并不是个人直接获得的,这些间接受益在中国很有可能是巨大的。(5)Itisimportanttoevaluategovernmentactivityonaquantitativebasis,toscreenthebadinvestmentsfromthegoodonesandtoconductpolicyonafactuallyinformedbasis.对政府的活动进行量化评估,剔除坏的投资保留好的投资,实事求是地执行政策,这是至关重要的。(6)Labormarketsaresodistortedthatwagesdonotreflectthistruemarginalcontributionofeducatedlabortotheeconomy.劳动市场如此被扭曲,结果工资没有反映出受教育的劳动者对经济的真实的边际贡献。Unit5(1)Thesynergiesbetweenthegoalsofgenderequity,povertyalleviationandenvironmentalsustainabilityareexploredbelowintermsofaddressingpoverty,health,climatechange,naturaldisastersandcreatingsustainablelivelihoodsbyempoweringwomenintherealmsofagriculture,forestandbiodiversitymanagement.下文对性别平等、减轻贫困以及环境的可持续性三者的协同作用与妇女贫困问题的关系进行了研究,主要涉及能源短缺、水资源缺乏、健康、气候变化、自然灾害以及强化妇女在农业、林业、生态多元化管理领域中的权力,使之创造出可持续的生存方式等问题。(2)Therearedifferencesinexposureaccordingtoageandeconomicstatus,andinsomecultureswomentendtoundervaluetheirownhealth,leadingtounder-reportingofproblems.根据年龄与经济情况的不同,受污染空气毒害的程度各异。在有些国家,妇女有轻视自己的健康状况的倾向从而导致(毒气影响健康的)问题没有得到充分的报道。(3)Climatechangeisexpectedtoincreasetheburdenofdiseaseconsiderablyallowingvectorstobreedinlatitudesoraltitudeswherecurrenttemperaturespreventthem.气候的变化极大地加重了疫情。原因是目前该地域的气温能抑制传染病媒介的兹生,而气温的变化将会适宜于这些传染病媒介的繁殖。(4)Anyonewhoislocated(sociallyand/orspatially)“outoftheloop”ofinformationsuppliedbyearlywarningsystemsislikelytosuffermorefromdisasters.任何人,从社会属性和空间方位来说,如果他们处在早期的预警系统圈外,他们则有可能遭受更多的疾患痛苦。Unit7(1)Itwasabig,squarishframehousethathadoncebeenwhite,decoratedwithcupolasandspiresandscrolledbalconiesintheheavilylightsomestyleoftheseventies,setonwhathadoncebeenourmostselectstreet.那是一幢过去漆成白色的四方形大木屋,坐落在当年一条最考究的街道上,还装点着有十九世纪七十年代风味的圆形屋顶、尖塔和涡形花纹的阳台,带有浓厚的轻盈气息。(2)Alive,MissEmilybadbeenatradition,aduty,andacare;asortofhereditaryobligationuponthetown,datingfromthatdayin1894whenColonelSartoris,themayor—hewhofatheredtheedictthatnoNegrowomanshouldappearonthestreetswithoutanapron—remittedhertaxes,thedispensationdatingfromthedeathofherfatheronintoperpetuity.爱米丽小姐在世时,始终是一个传统的化身,是义务的象征,也是人们关注的对象。打一八九四年某日镇长沙多里斯上校——也就是他下了一道黑人妇女不系围裙不得上街的命令——豁免了她一切应纳的税款起,期限从她父亲去世之日开始,一直到她去世为止,这是全镇沿袭下来对她的一种义务。(3)Wehadlongthoughtofthemasatableau,MissEmilya