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莎士比亚与十四行诗Sonnet29-------------Shakespeare1.Whenindisgracewithfortuneandmen'seyes,Inthissonnetthewordseemstorelatemoretoafailuretoachievestatusinthefirstinstance,ratherthantoasubsequentdeprivation.Tobeindisgrace(in)men'seyes-thispossiblyreferstosomeformofpublicdisapprobation,eitherrealorimaginary.Whatthedisgracewaswecannotsay.Itcouldbethemerefactofbeingassociatedwiththetheatre,whichbymanypreachersoftheday,andbyallPuritans,wasconsideredtobeagreatdenofiniquityandasourceofmanyevils.SeethepassageatthebottomofthispageillustrativeofPuritandistrust.2.Iallalonebeweepmyoutcaststatebeweep=weepfor,bewail;Likebewailandbeseem,thewordhasanarchaicandbiblicalflavor.myoutcaststate=myconditionofbeingasocialoutcast.Theconditionisprobablyexaggeratedforthesakeofeffect,andtoemphasizethatthespeakerseeseverythinginagloomylight.Fortunehasturnedagainsthimandhefeelsthathedoesnotbelonganymoretosociety.3.Andtroubledeafheavenwithmybootlesscriesdeafheaven-Heaven(God)turnsadeafeartohiscomplaintsandlaments.TheparallelisdrawnwithJobintheOldTestament,whowascastoutonadungheapandbewepthismournfulstate.bootless=tonoavail,achievingnothing.4.Andlookuponmyself,andcursemyfate,Andlookuponmyself-astheoutcastcontemplateshisownfallenstate.cursemyfate-anotherechofromtheBookofJobintheBible:AfterthisJobopenedhismouthandcursedhisday.AndJobspakeandsaid:LetthedayperishwhereinIwasborn,andthenightinwhichitwassaid,'Thereisamanchildconceived'.Letthatdaybedarkness,letnotGodregarditfromabove,neitherletthelightshineuponit.etc.Job.III.1-4.5.Wishingmeliketoonemorerichinhope,Wishingmyselftobelikeonewhoismorerichlyendowedwithallmannerofblessings,includingwealth.6.Featuredlikehim,likehimwithfriendspossessed,Featuredlikehim,likehim=withfeatureslikethisperson,likethissecondpersonhavingfriends,likethisthird,desiringhisskills(line7)etc.7.Desiringthisman'sart,andthatman'sscope,thisman'sart=theskillthatoneparticularpersonhas;thatman'sscope=thecapability,range,mentalabilitythatanotherparticularpersonhas.8.WithwhatImostenjoycontentedleast;Itisunspecifiedwhathemostenjoys,butevidently,inhisdespondency,thingswhichoughttogivehimenjoymentdonotdoso.Theimplicationisthathenolongerenjoystheloveofhisbeloved,althoughthatideaiscountermandedbythefinalcouplet.9.Yetinthesethoughtsmyselfalmostdespising,inthesethoughts=whileIamengagedinthesethoughts;myselfalmostdespising-andalmostconsideringmyselftobedespicableforbeingsocastdown.10.HaplyIthinkonthee,andthenmystate,Haply=bychance,byahappystrokeofluck;mystate=mymentalstate,withasuggestionalsothathisfortune,orthestateofaffairsinwhichhefindshimself,improves.11.LiketothelarkatbreakofdayarisingThereisanechoofthefollowing.Hark!harkthelarkatheaven'sgatesings,AndPhoebus'ginsarise...12.Fromsullenearth,singshymnsatheaven'sgate;sullen=gloomy,dark,miserable;Fromsullenearth-thephrasemaybetakenbothwiththisandwiththeprecedingline.Thelarkrisesfromsullenearth,anditalsosingshymnswhichriseupfromtheearthtothegateofheaven,or,asitsings,itrisesfromearthtowardsheaven.sings-thesubjectisthelark,butalsothepoet'ssoul,whichhasbeenliberatedbyhisthinkingofhisbeloved.13.Forthysweetloverememberedsuchwealthbringsthysweetloveremembered=whenIhavecalledtomindyourlove,whenyoursweetlovespringsupagaininmymemory.14.ThatthenIscorntochangemystatewithkings.Althoughtheprimarymeaningisthat'Iamhappierthanakingcouldbe,andthereforehavenowishtoswapplaceswithhim'thereisahintofthepoliticalmeaningofstate.Althoughthissonnetmayappeartobejustanenchantingwayofexpressingthestateofdepressionofaman,thereismuchmorethenjustemotionsexpressedthroughthelinesofthisShakespeareanSonnet.Byreadinginbetweenthelinesandanalyzingthedifferentpoeticdevicesusedthroughoutthepoem,thetrueaspectoftheuniquewayofexpressingemotionsthroughoutlifebyusingpoetry,clearlyshinesthrough.Inmoresimplewords,theliteraryworkbeginsbypresentingthestateinwhichMr.Shakespearefelt.Hefeelsdepressedandasthoughlifewascomingtoanend.Hefeelsworthless,isnotahappyperson,andwishesheweresomeoneelse.Suddenlyandaccidentallythinksaboutapersonhelovesandthatmakeshimhappy.Bythinkingaboutthispersonandhowsheorhemakeshimfeel,he'slevelofconfidencebecomesmuchhigherandseesthebrightnessandbeautyoflife.Afterthesethoughtsandthefactthatherememberedallthegoodthingsabouthimselfbecauseofthepersonhethoughtof,heprefersnottochangehisstatewithanybody,notevenwithkings!面对命运的抛弃，世人的冷眼，我唯有独自把飘零的身世悲叹。我曾徒然地呼唤聋耳的苍天，诅咒自己的时运，顾影自怜。我但愿，愿胸怀千般心愿，愿有三朋六友和美貌之颜；愿有才华盖世，有文采斐然，唯对自己的长处，偏偏看轻看淡。我正耽于这种妄自菲薄的思想，猛然间想到了你，顿时景换情迁，我忽如破晓的云雀凌空振羽，讴歌直上天门，把苍茫大地俯瞰。但记住你柔情招来财无限，纵帝王屈尊就我，不与换江山。---（辜正坤译）